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Human A+P > Inegumentary System Test > Flashcards

Inegumentary System Test Flashcards

1
Q

Structures of the integumentary system

A
  • skin
  • hair
  • nails
  • glands
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2
Q

Functions of the integumentary system

A
  • protection
  • thermoregulation
  • sensory perception
  • regulates water loss
  • chemical synthesis
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3
Q

4 types of membranes

A
  • serous
  • mucous
  • synovial
  • cutaneous
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4
Q

Serous membranes

A

Line body cavities

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5
Q

Mucous membranes

A

Line cavities and tubes that open to the outside

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6
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Line joints

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7
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Skin

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8
Q

Where is thin skin found

A

All of the body except palms of hands and soles of feet

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9
Q

Where is thick skin found

A

Palms of hands and soles of feet

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10
Q

Thin skin doesn’t have stratum ______

A

Lucidum

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11
Q

Types of cells in the skin

A
  • keratinocytes
  • melanocytes
  • langerhans cells
  • merkel cells
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12
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Protect and waterproof cells

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13
Q

Melanocytes

A

Skin color and absorb UV light

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14
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Participate in immune response

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15
Q

Merkel cells

A

Give sensation of touch

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16
Q

Layers of the epidermis

A
  • corneum
  • lucidum
  • granulosum
  • spinosum
  • basale
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17
Q

Function of stratum corneum

A

Serves as water, microbe, and injury barrier

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18
Q

Cells is stratum granulosum are

A

Beginning cell apoptosis (death)

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19
Q

Stratum granulosum function

A

Secret lipids that act as a water sealant

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20
Q

Stratum spinosum function

A

Provide strength and flexibility

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21
Q

Stratum basale function

A

Where new cells are formed

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22
Q

Regions of the dermis

A
  • papillary

* reticular

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23
Q

Cyanotic

A

Blue skin cause by a depletion of oxygen

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24
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow skin caused by liver failure

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25
Q

Erythema

A

Red skin caused by engorgement of capillaries

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26
Q

Pallor

A

Paleness

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27
Q

Types of skin pigments

A
  • melanin
  • carotene
  • hemoglobin
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28
Q

Effect of UV light on skin

A
  • increased melanin production

* prolonged exposure can cause skin cancer

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29
Q

Friction ridges

A

Markings on fingertips that allow us to manipulate objects more easily

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30
Q

Flexion lines

A

Lines where skin is flexed, skin is tightly bound to deep fascia here

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31
Q

Freckles

A

Flat Melanie’s patches caused my genetics or sun exposure

32
Q

Moles

A

Elevated patch of melanin

33
Q

What happens as skin ages (7)

A
  • stem cell activity declines
  • reduced immune response
  • vitamin D3 production declines
  • gland activity decreases
  • wrinkles form
  • underlying fat disappears
  • sagging
34
Q

Meissners’s corpuscles

A

Sense light touch

35
Q

Paccinian corpuscles

A

Sense pressure and vibration (heavy touch)

36
Q

What type of skin receptors are the most numerous

A

Pain

37
Q

Cold receptors start to perceive cold at

A

95 F

38
Q

Hot receptors start to perceive hot sensations at

A

86 F

39
Q

Shaft of the hair

A

Portion above the skins surface

40
Q

Root of the hair

A

Portion of hair bellow the skin

41
Q

3 layers of the hair

A
  • cuticle
  • cortex
  • medulla
42
Q

Bulb

A

Part of hair follicle that contains blood vessels to nourish hair and the pappilla

43
Q

Hair matrix

A

Responsible for providing new hair cells

44
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

Pulls hair to make is stand up on end

45
Q

Root hair plexus

A

Sense when hair moves

46
Q

Growth gases of hair

A
  • anagen: growth
  • catagen: transition
  • telogen: rest
47
Q

Function of hair

A
  • protect scalp
  • eyelashes and eyebrows protect eyes
  • nostril and ear hair protect from foreign particles
48
Q

Hair color is caused by

A

The amount and type of melanin

49
Q

Sudoiferous glands

A

Sweat glands

50
Q

Eccrine sweat glands

A

Secretes cooling sweat

51
Q

Apocrine sweat gland

A
  • stimulated during emotional excitement/stress

* “cold sweat”

52
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Oil glands

53
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

Modified sweat glands that produce earwax

54
Q

Nail body

A

Portion of nail that is visible

55
Q

Free edge of nail

A

Part that extends past the end of the finger

56
Q

Nail root

A

Portion buried in the fold of the skin

57
Q

Lunula

A

Lighter area of nail

58
Q

Hyponychium

A

Secures nail to finger tip

59
Q

Eponychium

A

•cuticle

60
Q

Function of nails

A
  • grasping objects
  • manipulating objects
  • protects ends of fingers
  • scratching
61
Q

Lesion

A

Any measurable difference from normal skin structure

62
Q

Types of lesions

A
  • elevated
  • flat
  • depressed
63
Q

Types of infections

A
  • viral
  • warts
  • fungal
  • bacterial
64
Q

Contact dermatitis

A

Condition where the skin become red, sore, or inflamed after direct contact with a substance

65
Q

Types of contact dermatitis

A
  • irritant

* allergic

66
Q

Psoriasis

A

Non infectious skin disease in which the stratum corneum thickens as dead cells accumulate

67
Q

Vitiligo

A

Autoimmune disorder where melanocytes are destroyed

68
Q

1st degree burns

A

•surface layer of skin is shed

69
Q

2nd degree burns

A

Blisters form

70
Q

3rd degree burn

A

•full thickness of skin is destroyed

71
Q

4th degree burn

A

Additional injury to deeper tissue such as muscle and bone

72
Q

Rule of 9’s

A
  • head, arm: 9% each
  • front of torso, back or torso, each leg: 18% each
  • groin: 1%
73
Q

Skin cancer can be caused by

A

Excessive exposure to Uv radiation, x-rays, radiation, and chemical/physical trauma

74
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A
  • Least malignant

* most common 78%

75
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • in stratum spinosum
  • 20%
  • good chance of recovery if found early
76
Q

Malignant melanoma

A
  • cancer of melanocytes
  • 1%
  • deadly

Human A+P (18 decks)

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