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Medical Terminology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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2
Q

Process of air flow to lungs

A 
Nasal cavity/mouth
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Right main/primary bronchus
Left main/primary bronchus
Alveoli
Diaphragm (helps move muscles)
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3
Q

Alveoli

A

Air sacs that allow gas exchange in blood

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4
Q

Pleura (Pleurae)

A

Membrane surrounding the lungs

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5
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

Superficial layer of membrane surrounding the lungs

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6
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

Deep layer of membrane surrounding the lungs

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7
Q

Intrapleural Space

A

Space between the parietal and visceral pleurae

Pressure is less than atmospheric pressure so it helps prevent collapsing

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8
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collapsed lung because of increased pressure in the intrapleural space

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9
Q

What is another name for collapsed lung?

A

Atelectasis

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10
Q

Example of a spontaneous pneumothorax

A

Ruptured blister on parietal pleura

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11
Q

Example of a traumatic pneumothorax

A

GSW

Stabbed

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12
Q

Suffix -pnea

A

Breathing

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13
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing

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14
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid breathing

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15
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing

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16
Q

Orthopnea

A

Positional breathing

Have to be in a certain position to breathe accurately

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17
Q

Apnea

A

Period of no breathing

Most common is sleep apnea

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18
Q

What might apnea cause?

A

Hypoxia

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19
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low oxygen levels in body

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20
Q

STAT

A

As soon as possible

Fast

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21
Q

Statim

A

Immediately

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22
Q

Syncope

A

Fainting

Loss of consciousness

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23
Q

Suffix -ptysis

A

Coughing up a chest secretion

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24
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood

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25
Q

URI

A

Upper respiratory infection
Common cold
Caused by virus

26
Q

Another term for common cold

A

Coryza

27
Q

Pneumonia

A

Fluid in the lungs

High death rate in young and old

28
Q

What are the causes of pneumonia?

A

Virus, bacteria, fungal, chemical

29
Q

Breath sounds (2)

A

Rales

Rhonchi

30
Q

Rales

A

Rattles
Crackles
Air passing through mucus/sputum

31
Q

Rhonchi

A

Wheezing

Air passing through narrowed air passages

32
Q

Reasons for an air passage to be narrow

A

Infection or asthma

33
Q

Asthma

A

Hyperreatic airway disease
Reacting to stimulus it shouldn’t be
Smooth muscle constriction in airways

34
Q

Sputum

A

Coughed up fluid (mucus)

35
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchi

36
Q

Acute bronchitis

A 
Short term
Came on suddenly
Fast acting
Short lived
Viral or bacterial
37
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

Long term

Long lived

38
Q

Types of chronic bronchitis

A

Asthma

COPD

39
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

40
Q

Type of COPD

A

Emphysema

41
Q

Emphysema

A

Walls of alveoli are destroyed leading to a decreased gas exchange

42
Q

Causes of emphysema

A

Smoking

Genetic

43
Q

Genetic cause of emphysema

A

Alpha 1 Antitrypsindeficiency

44
Q

Pyrexia

A

Noun

Fever

45
Q

Antipyretic

A

Meds to lower fever

46
Q

Febrile

A

Adj
Describes a fever
“a febrile child”

47
Q

Afebrile

A

Adj

Describes no fever

48
Q

Suffix -phagia

A

Swallowing/eating

49
Q

Suffix -phonia

A

Speaking

50
Q

Aphonia

A

Loss of speech ability

51
Q

Dysphonia

A

Impairment of speech

52
Q

One cause of dysphonia

A

Laryngitis

53
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of larynx

54
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of pharynx

Sore throat

55
Q

Tracheotomy

A

Incision made into the trachea

56
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Opening in trachea
After tracheotomy
Held open by a tube to allow for air passage

57
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture of the thoracic cavity to withdraw fluid

58
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Fluid produced by irritated pleura

59
Q

Mesothelioma

A

Lung tumor produced due to exposure to asbestos or taconite dust of iron mining

60
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

Surgical removal of a lung

61
Q

DVT

A

Deep vein thrombosis
Blood clot in deep veins in body
Typically where blood pools

62
Q

PE

A

Pulmonary embolism
Traveling blood clot (thrombosis)
Lodges in the lungs (pulmonary)

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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