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Medical Terminology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the four parts of the heart?

A

Left/Right Atria

Left/Right Ventricles

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2
Q

What brings blood into the right atrium?

A

Vena cavas

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3
Q

Brings blood into right atrium from head, neck, and upper extremities

A

Superior Vena Cava

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4
Q

Brings blood into the right atrium from lower extremities

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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5
Q

Valve between right atrium and right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

Right atrioventricular valve

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6
Q

Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

A

Pulmonary (semilunar) valve

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7
Q

What brings blood into the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary veins

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8
Q

Valve between left atrium and left ventricle

A

Bicuspid valve

Left atrioventricular valve

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9
Q

Valve between left ventricle and aorta

A

Aortic (semilunar) valve

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10
Q

Superficial layer of the heart

Mostly connective tissue

A

Epicardium

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11
Q

Muscle layer of the heart

A

Myocardium

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12
Q

Inner layer of the heart

In contact with the blood

A

Endocardium

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13
Q

Inflammation of the endocardium

A

Endocarditis

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14
Q

What gets damaged with endocarditis?

A

Heart valves

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15
Q

What occurs after strep throat if it is not treated?

A

Rheumatic fever

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16
Q

Cause of strep throat

A

Streptococcus pyogens

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17
Q

Process of gas exchange in the blood vessels

A 
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
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18
Q

Process of blood flow in the heart

A 
Vena cavas
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary arteries
Lungs (alveoli/gas exchange)
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
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19
Q

Where does gas and nutrient exchange occur in blood vessels?

A

Capillaries

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20
Q

Carries lymph

Collected extra fluid

A

Lymphatic vessels

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21
Q

Immune Function

Contain white blood cells

A

Lymph nodes

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22
Q

Mostly water
Contains proteins, ions, electrolytes, glucose
Liquid part

A

Plasma

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23
Q

What are the formed elements of blood?

A

White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platlets

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24
Q

What are the parts of blood?

A

Plasma

Formed elements

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25
Q

Also called leukocytes that fight off infection bc they recognize invaders

A

White blood cells

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26
Q

Contain hemoglobin

Transport oxygen around the body

A

Red blood cells

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27
Q

Another name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

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28
Q

What clots the blood?

A

Platlets

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29
Q

What is normal blood pressure?

A

120/80

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30
Q

Pressure on walls of large arteries during contraction of heart ventricles

A

Systolic Blood Pressure (systole)

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31
Q

Pressure reached in between contractions of ventricles in large arteries
Just before ventricular systole

A

Diastolic Blood Pressure (diastole)

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32
Q

High blood pressure is also called

A

Hypertension

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33
Q

What is considered high blood pressure?

A

Greater than 140/90

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34
Q

What is blood pressure measured in?

A

mmHg (milligrams of mercury)

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35
Q

What is the range for pre-hypertension?

A

Between 120/80 and 140/90

36
Q

What are the long term causes of high blood pressure?

A 
Heart has to work harder
Enlarged heart
Kidney damage
Retinal damage
Plaque in arteries (causes heart attack or stroke)
37
Q

Another name for enlarged heart

A

Cardiomegaly

38
Q

What is bad with an enlarged heart?

A

The bigger it gets, the thicker the walls get.. leaving less space for blood inside

39
Q

Buildup of plaques inside arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

40
Q

Fatty accumulations

A

Plaques

41
Q

What are plaques called?

A

Atheromas

42
Q

Narrowing

A

Stenosis

43
Q

Narrowing of aorta

A

Aortostenosis

44
Q

When does a stenosis of an artery happen?

A

When plaque builds up inside them

45
Q

Hardening of arteries

Decrease in flexibility

A

Arteriosclerosis

46
Q

What is arteriosclerosis due to?

A

Plaque accumulation and hyper tension

47
Q

What is made up of cell membranes?

A

Cholesterol

48
Q

What do you want your total cholesterol to be?

A

Less than 200mg/dl

49
Q

What is the good cholesterol?

A

High density lipoprotein (HDL)

50
Q

Desired HDL level

A

Greater than 60mg/dl

51
Q

What is the bad cholesterol?

A

Low density lipoprotein (LDL)

52
Q

Desired LDL level

A

Less than 100mg/dl

53
Q

Too high of LDL =

A

Atherosclerosis

54
Q

Blocks enzyme in liver

Decrease risk of plaque accumulation

A

Statins

55
Q

Where does cholesterol mainly come from?

A

Liver

56
Q

What determines your cholesterol level?

A

Genetics
Lifestyle
Smoking

57
Q

How does one get an increased LDL level?

A

Sedentary lifestyle
Diet high in saturated/trans fat
High carbs (more than high fat)

58
Q

Desired level of triglycerides

A

Less than 150mg/dl

59
Q

Medical term for heart attack

A

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

60
Q

What is a heart attack?

A

Blockage of a coronary artery that leads to part of the heart dying

61
Q

Where do heart attacks typically occur?

A

In the arteries that supply the heart with oxygen

62
Q

Low oxygen levels

Person cannot feel this

A

Ischemia

63
Q

What does a heart attack cause?

A

Ischemia in the heart tissue

64
Q

What is pain felt due to ischemia in the heart tissue?

A

Angina

65
Q

A blockage in an artery that supplies the brain with oxygen that leads to death of some brain cells

A

Stroke

66
Q

Medical term for stroke

A

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

67
Q

Clot blocking an artery

Most common type of stroke (80%)

A

Thrombotic stroke

68
Q

Artery in brain ruptures

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

69
Q

Ballooning out of an artery can happen anywhere

A

Aneurysm

70
Q

What happens during an aneurysm?

A

Artery rupturing and allowing blood to leave the vessel, leading to a decrease in oxygen to brain

71
Q

What destroys blood clots via dissolving?

A

Thrombolytic drugs

72
Q

tPA

A

Tissue plasminogen activator

73
Q

Purpose of tPA?

A

Using an IV to activate plasminogen in body to dissolve clots
Use body’s own defense system

74
Q

A catheter being fed into a blood vessel in thigh and up to heart to remove a blockage

A

Balloon Angioplasty

75
Q

How does a balloon angioplasty work?

A

Inflate balloon and smash plaque against the artery to insert a caged stent

76
Q

Removal of plaque material from artery usually in common carotid artery
Decreases chance of fat getting loose

A

Endarterectomy

77
Q

Harvest another artery form other place in body to get past the blockage

A

Coronary bypass surgery

78
Q

CABG

A

Coronary artery bypass graft

79
Q

Inflammation of vein

A

Phebitis

80
Q

Dilated veins due to valve damage

A

Varicose veins

81
Q

Why do people get varicose veins?

A

Blood pools in the feet/legs/ankles bc the valves in the veins don’t fight against gravity anymore

82
Q

EKG/ECG

A

Electrocardiogram

83
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Graph of electrical activity in the heart

84
Q

Abnormal heart rhythm

A

Arrhythmia

85
Q

Abnormal heart sounds

Issues with valves

A

Murmur

86
Q

AAA Meaning

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

87
Q

What is AAA?

A

Ballooning of abdominal aorta

Will bleed out in seconds if ruptured

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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