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Medical Terminology > Prefixes/Suffixes, Directional Terms, Diagnostic Imaging > Flashcards

Prefixes/Suffixes, Directional Terms, Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the four elements of a medical term?

A

Word root
Combining form
Prefix
Suffix

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2
Q

Word Root

A

Basic meaning

Usually a body part

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3
Q

2 examples of word roots

A

Cardi (heart)

Gastr (stomach)

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4
Q

Combining Form

A

Word root + combining vowel

Will almost always be “o”

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5
Q

2 examples of combining forms

A

Cardio

Gastro

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6
Q

Prefix

A

Comes before the combining form

Usually meaning time, location, or number of

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7
Q

What does a prefix not require?

A

A combining vowel

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8
Q

Prefix = Pre-

A

Before

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9
Q

Prefix = Pro-

A

Before

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10
Q

Prefix = Peri-

A

Around

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11
Q

Prefix = Circum-

A

Around

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12
Q

Prefix = Post-

A

After

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13
Q

Prefix = Intra-

A

In

Within

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14
Q

Prefix = Endo-

A

In

Within

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15
Q

Prefix = Hyper-

A

Above

Increased

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16
Q

Prefix = Hypo-

A

Below

Decreased

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17
Q

Prefix = Iso-

A

Equal to

Same

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18
Q

Prefix = Homo/Homeo-

A

Same

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19
Q

Prefix = A-/An-

A

Without

Not

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20
Q

Prefix = Dia-

A

Through

Across

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21
Q

Prefix = Trans-

A

Through

Across

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22
Q

Prefix = Macro-

A

Large

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23
Q

Prefix = Retro-

A

Backward

Behind

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24
Q

Prefix = Micro-

A

Small

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25
Q

Prefix = Super-

A

Upper

Above

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26
Q

Prefix = Bi-

A

2

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27
Q

Prefix = Di-

A

2

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28
Q

Prefix = Hemi-

A

Half

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29
Q

Prefix = Mono-

A

One

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30
Q

Prefix = Uni-

A

One

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31
Q

Prefix = Nulli-

A

None

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32
Q

Prefix = Multi-

A

Many

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33
Q

Prefix = Poly-

A

Many

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34
Q

Prefix = Quad-

A

Four

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35
Q

Prefix = Tri-

A

Three

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36
Q

Prefix = Semi-

A

Partial

Half

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37
Q

Prefix = Primi-

A

First

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38
Q

Prefix = Dipl-/Diplo-

A

Double

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39
Q

Suffix

A

Added to the end of a term

Usually indicated procedure, condition, disorder, or disease

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40
Q

What suffixes change the word into an adjective?

A

-ac

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41
Q

What suffixes change the word into a noun?

A

-um

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42
Q

What are the three types of common suffixes?

A

Surgical
Diagnostic
Pathological

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43
Q

Surgical Suffix = -centesis

A

Surgical puncture or removal of fluid with a needle

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44
Q

Surgical Suffix = -clast

A

Surgically break

‘To break’

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45
Q

Surgical Suffix = -desis

A

Binding/fixation (usually with a bone or joint)

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46
Q

Surgical Suffix = -ectomy

A

Surgical removal

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47
Q

Surgical Suffix = -lysis

A

Separation
Destruction
Loosening

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48
Q

Surgical Suffix = -pexy

A

Fixation (of an organ)

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49
Q

Surgical Suffix = -plasty

A

Surgical repair

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50
Q

Surgical Suffix = -rrhaphy/-rraphy

A

Suture

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51
Q

Surgical Suffix = -stomy

A

Forming an opening

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52
Q

Surgical Suffix = -tome

A

Cut or surgically break (usually with a bone or joint)

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53
Q

Surgical Suffix = -tomy

A

Incision

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54
Q

Surgical Suffix = -tripsy

A

Crushing

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55
Q

Diagnostic Suffix = -gram

A

Record/picture

56
Q

Diagnostic Suffix = -graph

A

Instrument for recording

57
Q

Diagnostic Suffix = -graphy

A

Process of recording

58
Q

Diagnostic Suffix = -meter

A

Instrument for measuring

59
Q

Diagnostic Suffix = -metry

A

Process of measuring

60
Q

Diagnostic Suffix = -scope

A

Instrument for examining and visualizing

61
Q

Diagnostic Suffix = -scopy

A

Visual examination

62
Q

Diagnostic Suffix = -logy

A

The study of

63
Q

Pathological Suffix = -algia

A

Pain

64
Q

Pathological Suffix = -dynia

A

Pain

65
Q

Pathological Suffix = -cele

A

Hernia

Swelling

66
Q

Pathological Suffix = -ectasis

A

Dialation

Expansion

67
Q

Pathological Suffix = -edema

A

Swelling from fluid

68
Q

Pathological Suffix = -emesis

A

Vomiting

69
Q

Pathological Suffix = -emia

A

Blood condition

70
Q

Pathological Suffix = -iasis

A

Abnormal condition

71
Q

Pathological Suffix = -itis

A

Inflammation

72
Q

Pathological Suffix = -lith

A

Stone

Calculus

73
Q

Pathological Suffix = -malacia

A

Softening

74
Q

Pathological Suffix = -necrosis

A

Tissue death

75
Q

Pathological Suffix = -oma

A

Tumor

76
Q

Pathological Suffix = -osis

A

Abnormal condition/disease

77
Q

Pathological Suffix = -pathy

A

Disease

78
Q

Pathological Suffix = -penia

A

Decrease

Deficiency

79
Q

Pathological Suffix = -phobia

A

Fear

80
Q

Pathological Suffix = -plegia

A

Paralysis

81
Q

Pathological Suffix = -rrhage/-rrhagia

A

‘Bursting of’

82
Q

Rhinorrhagia

A

Nosebleed

83
Q

Another term for nosebleed

A

Epistaxis

84
Q

Pathological Suffix = -rrhea/-rrheic

A

Discharge

Flow

85
Q

Pathological Suffix = -rrhexis

A

Rupture

86
Q

Pathological Suffix = -stenosis

A

Narrowing

Stricture

87
Q

Pathological Suffix = -toxic

A

Poison

88
Q

Pathological Suffix = -trophy

A

Nourishment

Development

89
Q

Cell

A

Smallest unit of life

90
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells working to perform a similar function

91
Q

Organ

A

Group of tissues working to perform a similar function

92
Q

Organ System

A

Group of organs working to perform a similar function

93
Q

Organism

A

Group of organ systems maintaining homeostasis

94
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Double layer of phospholipids embedded with proteins

95
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA

96
Q

Chromosomes

A

Strands of DNA

97
Q

Genes

A

Region of chromosomes that code for proteins

98
Q

Ribosomes

A

Read genetic code and manufacture proteins

99
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Modify proteins from ribosomes

100
Q

Golgi Body

A

Package proteins into vesicles

101
Q

Mitochondria

A

Power-plants of cells that make ATP

102
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

103
Q

How many types of tissues are there?

A

5

104
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Makes up surfaces and linings

105
Q

Muscle Tissue (4)

A

Smooth (Organs)
Cardiac (Heart)
Skeletal (Everywhere else)
Capable of contraction

106
Q

Connective Tissue (5)

A 
Bone
Tendons
Ligaments
Blood
Cartilage
107
Q

Neural Tissue

A

Conducts electrical signals in body and allows for communication between brain and body

108
Q

Gland Tissue

A

Make and secrete products

109
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Facing forward with palms up and feet flat on floor

110
Q

Planes of the body (3)

A

Coronal
Sagittal
Transverse

111
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Front/back division

112
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Left/right division

113
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Upper/lower division

114
Q

Anterior/ventral

A

Front of body

115
Q

Posterior/dorsal

A

Back of body

116
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline of body

117
Q

Medial

A

Toward midline of body

118
Q

Proximal

A

Nearest the point of attachment (extremities)

119
Q

Distal

A

Far from point of attachment (extremities)

120
Q

Superior/cephalad

A

Toward the head

121
Q

Inferior/caudad

A

Toward the tail

122
Q

Superficial

A

Toward the surface of the body

123
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface of the body

124
Q

Unilateral

A

One side affected

125
Q

Bilateral

A

Both sides affected

126
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side affected

127
Q

Body Cavities

A

House organs
Dorsal
Ventral

128
Q

Dorsal Body Cavity

A

CNS
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity

129
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Part of dorsal body cavity

Houses brain

130
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

Part of dorsal body cavity

Houses spinal cord

131
Q

Ventral Body Cavity

A

Thoracic Cavity
Abdominal Cavity
Pelvic Cavity

132
Q

What separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm

133
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity contains what?

A

4 quadrants

9 regions

134
Q

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

A

Right upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Left lower quadrant

135
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions

A 
Right hypochondriac
Left hypochondriac
Epigastric
Right lumbar
Left lumbar
Umbilical
Right inguinal
Left inguinal
Pubic/Hypogastric

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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