Prefixes/Suffixes, Directional Terms, Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards by Sammi S

What are the four elements of a medical term?

Word root
Combining form
Prefix
Suffix

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Word Root

Basic meaning

Usually a body part

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2 examples of word roots

Cardi (heart)

Gastr (stomach)

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Combining Form

Word root + combining vowel

Will almost always be “o”

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2 examples of combining forms

Cardio

Gastro

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Prefix

Comes before the combining form

Usually meaning time, location, or number of

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What does a prefix not require?

A combining vowel

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Prefix = Pre-

Before

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Prefix = Pro-

Before

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Prefix = Peri-

Around

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Prefix = Circum-

Around

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Prefix = Post-

After

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Prefix = Intra-

Within

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Prefix = Endo-

Within

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Prefix = Hyper-

Above

Increased

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Prefix = Hypo-

Below

Decreased

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Prefix = Iso-

Equal to

Same

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Prefix = Homo/Homeo-

Same

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Prefix = A-/An-

Without

Not

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Prefix = Dia-

Through

Across

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Prefix = Trans-

Through

Across

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Prefix = Macro-

Large

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Prefix = Retro-

Backward

Behind

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Prefix = Micro-

Small

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Prefix = Super-

Upper | Above

Prefix = Bi-

Prefix = Di-

Prefix = Hemi-

Half

Prefix = Mono-

One

Prefix = Uni-

One

Prefix = Nulli-

None

Prefix = Multi-

Many

Prefix = Poly-

Many

Prefix = Quad-

Four

Prefix = Tri-

Three

Prefix = Semi-

Partial | Half

Prefix = Primi-

First

Prefix = Dipl-/Diplo-

Double

Suffix

Added to the end of a term | Usually indicated procedure, condition, disorder, or disease

What suffixes change the word into an adjective?

-ac

What suffixes change the word into a noun?

-um

What are the three types of common suffixes?

Surgical Diagnostic Pathological

Surgical Suffix = -centesis

Surgical puncture or removal of fluid with a needle

Surgical Suffix = -clast

Surgically break | 'To break'

Surgical Suffix = -desis

Binding/fixation (usually with a bone or joint)

Surgical Suffix = -ectomy

Surgical removal

Surgical Suffix = -lysis

Separation Destruction Loosening

Surgical Suffix = -pexy

Fixation (of an organ)

Surgical Suffix = -plasty

Surgical repair

Surgical Suffix = -rrhaphy/-rraphy

Suture

Surgical Suffix = -stomy

Forming an opening

Surgical Suffix = -tome

Cut or surgically break (usually with a bone or joint)

Surgical Suffix = -tomy

Incision

Surgical Suffix = -tripsy

Crushing

Diagnostic Suffix = -gram

Record/picture

Diagnostic Suffix = -graph

Instrument for recording

Diagnostic Suffix = -graphy

Process of recording

Diagnostic Suffix = -meter

Instrument for measuring

Diagnostic Suffix = -metry

Process of measuring

Diagnostic Suffix = -scope

Instrument for examining and visualizing

Diagnostic Suffix = -scopy

Visual examination

Diagnostic Suffix = -logy

The study of

Pathological Suffix = -algia

Pain

Pathological Suffix = -dynia

Pain

Pathological Suffix = -cele

Hernia | Swelling

Pathological Suffix = -ectasis

Dialation | Expansion

Pathological Suffix = -edema

Swelling from fluid

Pathological Suffix = -emesis

Vomiting

Pathological Suffix = -emia

Blood condition

Pathological Suffix = -iasis

Abnormal condition

Pathological Suffix = -itis

Inflammation

Pathological Suffix = -lith

Stone | Calculus

Pathological Suffix = -malacia

Softening

Pathological Suffix = -necrosis

Tissue death

Pathological Suffix = -oma

Tumor

Pathological Suffix = -osis

Abnormal condition/disease

Pathological Suffix = -pathy

Disease

Pathological Suffix = -penia

Decrease | Deficiency

Pathological Suffix = -phobia

Fear

Pathological Suffix = -plegia

Paralysis

Pathological Suffix = -rrhage/-rrhagia

'Bursting of'

Rhinorrhagia

Nosebleed

Another term for nosebleed

Epistaxis

Pathological Suffix = -rrhea/-rrheic

Discharge | Flow

Pathological Suffix = -rrhexis

Rupture

Pathological Suffix = -stenosis

Narrowing | Stricture

Pathological Suffix = -toxic

Poison

Pathological Suffix = -trophy

Nourishment | Development

Cell

Smallest unit of life

Tissue

Group of cells working to perform a similar function

Organ

Group of tissues working to perform a similar function

Organ System

Group of organs working to perform a similar function

Organism

Group of organ systems maintaining homeostasis

Plasma Membrane

Double layer of phospholipids embedded with proteins

Nucleus

Contains DNA

Chromosomes

Strands of DNA

Genes

Region of chromosomes that code for proteins

Ribosomes

Read genetic code and manufacture proteins

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Modify proteins from ribosomes

Golgi Body

Package proteins into vesicles

Mitochondria

Power-plants of cells that make ATP

ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate

How many types of tissues are there?

Epithelial Tissue

Makes up surfaces and linings

Muscle Tissue (4)

Smooth (Organs) Cardiac (Heart) Skeletal (Everywhere else) Capable of contraction

Connective Tissue (5)

``` Bone Tendons Ligaments Blood Cartilage ```

Neural Tissue

Conducts electrical signals in body and allows for communication between brain and body

Gland Tissue

Make and secrete products

Anatomical Position

Facing forward with palms up and feet flat on floor

Planes of the body (3)

Coronal Sagittal Transverse

Coronal Plane

Front/back division

Sagittal Plane

Left/right division

Transverse Plane

Upper/lower division

Anterior/ventral

Front of body

Posterior/dorsal

Back of body

Lateral

Away from midline of body

Medial

Toward midline of body

Proximal

Nearest the point of attachment (extremities)

Distal

Far from point of attachment (extremities)

Superior/cephalad

Toward the head

Inferior/caudad

Toward the tail

Superficial

Toward the surface of the body

Deep

Away from the surface of the body

Unilateral

One side affected

Bilateral

Both sides affected

Contralateral

Opposite side affected

Body Cavities

House organs Dorsal Ventral

Dorsal Body Cavity

CNS Cranial cavity Spinal cavity

Cranial Cavity

Part of dorsal body cavity | Houses brain

Spinal Cavity

Part of dorsal body cavity | Houses spinal cord

Ventral Body Cavity

Thoracic Cavity Abdominal Cavity Pelvic Cavity

What separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity?

Diaphragm

Abdominopelvic cavity contains what?

4 quadrants | 9 regions

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Right upper quadrant Right lower quadrant Left upper quadrant Left lower quadrant

Abdominopelvic Regions

``` Right hypochondriac Left hypochondriac Epigastric Right lumbar Left lumbar Umbilical Right inguinal Left inguinal Pubic/Hypogastric ```