Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
Another term for digestive tract
Alimentary canal
Peristalsis
Smooth muscle contractions in GI tract to move things along
Process of food going through the gastrointestinal system
Esophagus Cardiac sphincter Stomach Pyloric sphincter Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Ileocecal valve Cecum Ascending colon Hepatic flexure Transverse colon Splenic flexure Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anus
Where is your appendix?
On the cecum
Another name for hepatic flexure
Right colic flexure
Another name for splenic flexure
Left colic flexure
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Functions of GI Tract
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination
Combining Form for Pharynx
Pharyngo
Combining Form for Esophagus
Esophago
Combining Form for Stomach
Gastro
Combining Form for Small Intestines
Entero
Combining Forms for Large Intestine
Colo
Colono
Combining Form for Liver
Hepato
Combining Form for Gall Bladder
Cholecysto
Combining Form for Pancreas
Pancreato
Mastication
Chewing
Salivary Glands
Contribute saliva to food while chewing
Saliva
Fluid and enzymes
Deglutition
Swallowing a bolus of food
Bolus
Wad
Nausea
Feeling like you’re going to vom
Emesis
Vomiting
Hematemesis
Vomiting blood from internal bleeding in esophagus or stomach
Coffee Ground Emesis
Vomiting partially digested blood
Parts of the Stomach
Fundus
Cardiac Region
Pyloric Region
Another name for cardiac region
Cardia
Another name for pyloric region
Pylorus
Pyloric Stenosis
Narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
Congenital
Born that way
Ulcers
Sore on the inside/outside of body
Gastric Ulcer
In stomach
Duodenal Ulcer
In small intestine
Decubitis Ulcer
Bed sore
Goes through the skin
Open wound
What causes a gastric ulcer?
Stress
H. pylori bacteria
What does GERD stand for?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
GERD
Heartburn
Back up from stomach contents (acids) into the esophagus
Why does GERD occur?
The lining of the esophagus cannot handle the low pH of the stomach acid and causes pain
Barrett’s Esophagus
Changes that occur in the lining of the esophagus
Pre-cancerous
What percent of people develop esophageal cancer from Barrett’s Esophagus?
1%
What meds are used for GERD?
Antacids
Proton pump inhibitors
Antacids
Raise pH
You feel less pain but it doesn’t stop the back-up
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Block acid production in the stomach
What can happen with long term use of proton pump inhibitors?
Decrease in calcium absorption
Linked to osteoporosis
Types of proton pump inhibitors
Zantac
Nexium
Prilosec
