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RUSVM Pathology II 2016 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Conducting System

A

the Nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

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2
Q

What cells line the conducting system?

A

pseudostratified ciliated epithelium and goblet cells

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3
Q

Transitional system

A

Consists exclusively of bronchioles

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4
Q

What cells line the transitional system?

A

Clara cells, non-ciliated secretory cells and only a few ciliated cells. NO goblet cells

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5
Q

Exchange system

A

Composed of alveolar ducts and milions of alveoli; thin walled structures enveloped by a rich network of capillaries, the pulmonary capillaries

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6
Q

What is the exchange system lined by?

A

Epithelial type I (membranous) and type II (granular) pneumocytes

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7
Q

What are some non-specific defense mechanisms of the respiratory system?

A

Mucous trapping
Mucocilliary clearance
Phagocytosis
Air turbulence

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8
Q

What are some specific defense mechanisms?

A

Antibody production
Antibody mediated phagocytosis
cell-mediated immunity

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9
Q

PAMs

A

Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages

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10
Q

PIMs

A

Pulmonary Intravascular Macrophages

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11
Q

What other causes predispose to bacterial pneumonia?

A 
Stress
Dehydration
Pulmonary edema
Uremia
Ammonia
Immunosuppression/immunodeficiency
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12
Q

Ehtmoidal hematoma

A

Pedunculated tumor like lesion in older horses that cause of epistaxis in old horses

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13
Q

What is the cause of fibrinous rhinitis?

A

Infectious Bovine Rhintraceitis

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14
Q

What causes Atrophic Rhinitis in pigs?

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida type D and A

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15
Q

What does P. multocida produce to inhibit osteoblastic activity and promote osteoclastic reabsorption of the nasal turbinates?

A

cytotoxins

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16
Q

What caused rhinitis and conjunctivitis in felines?

A

Feline Herpesvirus 1

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17
Q

What causes vesicular/ulcerative glossitis and pneumonia in felines?

A

Feline calicivirus

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18
Q

What causes Granulomatous rhinitis in dogs?

A

Rhinosporidium seeberi (aquatic protistam parasite)

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19
Q

What causes strangles in equines?

A

Streptococcus equi

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20
Q

What can be seen in strangles?

A

Inspissated Exudate - “Chondroids”

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21
Q

What causes Guttural Pouch Mycosis?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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22
Q

What happens in Guttural Pouch Mycosis?

A

Erosion of the wall of the internal carotid artery leading to epistaxis or fatal hemorrhage

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23
Q

What causes Enzootic nasal carcinoma in sheep?

A

Ovine beta-retrovirus

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24
Q

What causes necrotic laryngitis (Calf Diptheria)?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

IBR

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25
Q

What does Fusobacterium necrophorum or IBR cause?

A

Oral necrobacillosis

Plaques of ulceration covered by fibrinonecrotic exudate

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26
Q

What is causes “roaring” or Laryngeal hemiplagia in horses?

A

atrophy of the left dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle

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27
Q

What is tracheal collapse seen in?

A

Toy breed dogs
Horses
Cattle
Goats

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28
Q

What causes Ulcerative and necrotizing laryngo-tracheitis in cattle?

A

IBR

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29
Q

What causes Canine Infectious tracheobronchitis?

A 
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Canine Adenovirus 2
CPIV-2
Canine Distemper virus 
Mycoplasma spp.
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30
Q

What composed the Blood-Air-Barrier?

A

Vascular endothelium basement membrane of the endothelial cell, basement membrane of the type I pneumocyte, and cytoplasm of the type I pneumocyte

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31
Q

What occurs in Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage?

A

Massive Hemorrhage in the dorso-caudal portions of the caudal lung lobes

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32
Q

What is common in cattle with vena cava thrombosis?

A

Epistaxis

Pulmonary hemorrhage

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33
Q

What are the main pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary edema?

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure
Increased vascular permeability
Obstruction to lymphatic drainage

34
Q

Atelectasis

A

Incomplete expansion of the lungs or portions of the lungs

35
Q

Emphysema

A

Permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls

36
Q

Bullous emphysema

A

Large focal air-filled spaces (bullae) –> rupture may lead to fatal pneumothorax

37
Q

What are the common patterns of pneumonia?

A 
Suppurative bronchopneumonia
Fibrinous bronchopneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Embolic pneumonia
Granulomatous pneumonia
38
Q

What causes transient rhino-tracheitis and broncho-interstitial pneumonia with the formation of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in bronchial, bronchiolar, alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages?

A

Para-influenza 3 virus

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus

39
Q

What occurs in both Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus and PI-3 virus?

A

Formation of syncytial cells

40
Q

What causes Bovine enzootic pneumonia (chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia)?

A 
Mycoplasmas
Chlamydophila
Pasteurella multocida
Trueperella pyogenes
Histophilus somni
Mannheimia haemolytica
E. coli
41
Q

What results in suppurative or fibrinous bronchopneumonia?

A

Histophilus somni

42
Q

What is the important cause of chronic respiratory disease in feedlot cattle?

A

Mycoplasma bovis

43
Q

What is characteristic of Mycoplasma bovis?

A

Chronic necrotizing bronchopneumonia

Chronic fibrinous arthritis

44
Q

What causes bovine tuberculosis?

A

M. bovis

45
Q

Where are lesions common with M. Bovis?

A

retropharyngeal lymph nodes
lungs
thoracic
mesenteric lymph nodes

46
Q

What causes Verminous bronchitis/ pneumonia?

A

Dictyocaulus viviparus

47
Q

What does the larval migration of Dictyocaulus viviparus cause?

A

Interstitial pneumonia

48
Q

What do the intrabronchial adult parasites of Dictyocaulus viviparus cause?

A

Chronic bronchitis

49
Q

What do the eggs and dead larvae of Dictyocaulus vivparus cause?

A

Granulomatous pneumonia

50
Q

What parasite infects the bronchioles of sheep and goats?

A

Dictyocaulus filaria

51
Q

What parasites infect the bronchioles of equids?

A

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi

52
Q

What parasite infects the bronchioles of pigs?

A

Metastrongylus spp.

53
Q

What is the morphologic diagnosis for Metastrongylus spp in pigs?

A

Catarrhal bronchitis

54
Q

What is the etiologic diagnosis of Metastrongylus spp in pigs?

A

Verminous bronchitis

55
Q

What is fog fever?

A

Cattle grazing in “fog” pastures high in L-tryptophan that metabolizes in the rumen into 3-methylindole which is absorbed into the blood and into the lungs causing extensive necrosis of bronchiolar epithelial cells and type I pneumocytes

56
Q

What is commonly seen in adult dairy cows in the winter and the counterpart is “farmer’s lungs”?

A

Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis

57
Q

What is the pathologic process of Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis?

A

Type III hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled organic antigens such as fungal spores in moldy hay

58
Q

What are the lesions characteristic for Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis?

A

subtle gray subpleural foci of granulomatous inflammation to severe “meaty” appearance of the lungs

59
Q

What is the common name for Maedi-visna in sheep?

A

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia

60
Q

What does Maedi-visna result in?

A

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia

61
Q

What virus in goats can cause lymphocytic interstital pneumonia?

A

Caprine Arthritic encephalitis

62
Q

What causes Chronic enzootic pneumonia?

A

Mannheimia haemolytica
Pasteurella multocida
Chlamydiaphila
Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae

63
Q

What causes Septicemic pasteurellosis in lambs under 3 months?

A

Mannheimia haemolytica

64
Q

What causes Septicemic pasteurellosis in lambs 5-12 months?

A

Bibersteinia trehalosi

65
Q

What are the lesions associated with Septicemic pasteurellosis?

A

Necrotizing pharyngitis
tonsilitis
Septicemia with disseminated intravascular thrombosis
bacteremia

66
Q

What causes Multifocal subpleural pneumonitis in sheep?

A

Muellerius capillaris

67
Q

What are the viruses in equine that cause viral pneumonia?

A

Equine Herpes Virus 1
Equine Herpes Virus 4
Equine Influenza

68
Q

What do foals with SCID commonly suffer from?

A

Adenovirus
Pneumocystis carinii
Rhodococcus equi

69
Q

What is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in foals?

A

Rhodococcus equi

70
Q

What are the four viruses that cause pneumonia in pigs?

A

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
Swine Influenza
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)
Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCV)

71
Q

What is the main pathogen involved with Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

72
Q

What is characteristic of Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia?

A

Suppurative or catarrhal bronchopneumonia

73
Q

What causes fibrinous pleuritis and pneumonia in pigs?

A

Glasser’s Disease (Haemophilus parasuis)

74
Q

What causes Porcine Contagious Pleuropneumonia?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

75
Q

What causes infectious pneumonia in dogs?

A

Infectious tracheobronchitis (Kennel cough) and canine distemper
Canine Adenovirus 2
Canine Herpes virus 1
Canine Influenza

76
Q

What causes non-infectious pneumonia in dogs?

A

Uremia and paraquat (herbicide) toxicity

77
Q

What causes Broncho-interstitial pneumonia in dogs?

A

Canine distemper

78
Q

What causes granulomatous pneumonia in dogs?

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Histoplasmosis

79
Q

What parasite causes pneumonia in cats?

A

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

80
Q

What causes ovine pulmonary carcinoma?

A

Ovine Retrovirus

RUSVM Pathology II 2016 (11 decks)

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