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RUSVM Pathology II 2016 > Liver Pathology > Flashcards

Liver Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A 
Bilirubin metabolism
Bile acid metabolism 
Carbohydrate metabolism 
Lipid metabolism
Xenobiotic metabolism 
Protein synthesis 
Immune function
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2
Q

What liver enzymes are elevated in response to injury?

A 
AST
ALT
LDH
Alkaline phosphatase 
hamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
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3
Q

What are the response of liver to injury?

A 
Atrophy
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
Regeneration of parenchyma 
Replacement by fibrosis 
Biliary hyperplasia
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4
Q

What are the causes for liver atrophy?

A

Increased catabolism
Decreased blood flow
Decreased bile flow
Pressure

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5
Q

What are the requisites for liver regeneration?

A

Intact framework
Good blood supply
Patent bile ducts

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6
Q

Cirrhosis

A

regeneration can result in heptocellular nodular proliferation, fibrosis, and impaired blood and bile flow

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7
Q

Zonal Hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis

A

defined area within hepatic lobule or acini are affected

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8
Q

Massive hepatic necrosis

A

involved the entire lobule or contiguous lobules

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9
Q

Hepatosis dietetica

A

generation of associated free radicals and deficiency of Vitamine E/Selenium

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10
Q

What does hepatosis dietetica cause?

A

Massive hepatic necrosis

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11
Q

Chronic passive congestion

A

zonal congestion around the central veins

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12
Q

What is Nutmeg Liver?

A

Chronic passive congestion of the liver

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13
Q

What is the name of the syndrome that is characterized by hepatomegaly, ascites, and abdominal pain

A

Hepatic vein thrombosis

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of Portosystemic shunts?

A

Hepatic encephalopathy and ascites

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15
Q

Acquired shunts

A

due to chronic portal hypertension

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16
Q

Telangiectasis

A

presence of focal areas in which sinusoids are dilated and filled with blood

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17
Q

What are the mechanisms for hepatic lipidosis?

A

Excessive entry of fatty acids into the liver
Decreased oxdation of fatty acids
Increased esterification of fatty acids to triglycerides
Decreased apoprotien synthesis and subsequent decreased production and export of lipoprotein from hepatocytes
Impaired secretion of lipoprotein from the liver

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18
Q

What is the characteristic lesion for hepatic lipidosis?

A

Enlarged heavy uniform light yellow or orange liver that cuts with ease and is greasy when severed
The edges are rounded and the surface is smooth and the tissue will float in water or fixative

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19
Q

In which lifestages are a physiological fatty liver seen?

A

Late pregnancy
Heavy lactation
Simple dietary excess

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20
Q

In what kinds of animals are Bovine fatty liver syndrome seen?

A

Dairy cattle who are obese within a few days of parturition

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21
Q

What breed is affected with Equine hyperlipidemia?

A

Shetland Ponies

22
Q

What two endocrine disorders lead to fatty liver?

A

Diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism

23
Q

Fatty degeneration

A

Accumulation of fat within cells arising as a consequences of cellular injury

24
Q

What is the stain used to detect amyloid?

A

Congo Red

25
Q

What are the routes that agents can cause hepatitis?

A

Hematogenous Ascending route

Direct extension from the peritoneum

26
Q

Cholangiohepatitis

A

inflammation of bile ductules and liver parenchyma

27
Q

What are the characteristic lesions in Herpes Virus hepatic necrosis?

A

Discrete off white foci

28
Q

What is the common name of infectious canine hepatitis?

A

Rubarth’s Disease

Fox encephalitis

29
Q

What canine disease causes infectious canine hepatitis?

A

Canine Adenovirus 1

30
Q

What are the gross features of Infectious Canine Hepatitis?

A

Enlarged, congested, friable liver, serosal petechia and ecchymosis and paint brush hemorrhage, gall bladder edema, Corneal edema in survivors

31
Q

What is Tyzzers disease caused by?

A

Clostridium piliforme

32
Q

What causes Milk Spots in the liver?

A

Ascaris Suum

33
Q

What causes Chronic Fibrosing cholangitis?

A

Fasciola hepatica

34
Q

What is the common name for Histomoniasis?

A

Black Head

35
Q

What is the main preformed toxin from Blue-green algae?

A

Microcystin

36
Q

Megalocytosis

A

Giant hypertrophic hepatocytes

37
Q

What causes Chronic liver disease and photodynamic dermatitis in horses?

A

Alsike clover

38
Q

Aflatoxins

A

Ingested in mouldy feed

39
Q

Sporidesmin

A

Toxin from fungus Pithomyces chartarum

40
Q

What are the clinical signs of Sporidesmin?

A

Chronic cholangiohepatitis and Photosensitization

41
Q

What causes primary Photosensitization?

A

St. John’s Wart
Chloropromazine
Phenothiazine

42
Q

What causes secondary Photosensitization ?

A

Occurs in herbivores with impaired excretion of phylloerythrin
Congenital

43
Q

Congenital Pathogenesis of Photosensitization?

A

Abnormal metabolism of heme –> Retention of porphyrins

44
Q

Hepatocutaneous syndrome

A

Crusting erosions and scaling especially at mucocutaneous junctions and footpads

45
Q

Nodular hyperplasia

A

Age related changed in dogs

46
Q

Where do primary liver tumors arise from?

A

Hepatocytes
Bile ducts
Mesenchymal tissue

47
Q

Most tumors in the liver are…

A

Metastatic from other organs

48
Q

What species are Hepatocellular Carcinoma seen in?

A

Dogs

49
Q

Cholangiocellular adenoma

A

Benign tumor arising from the bile ducts

50
Q

Cholangiocellular carcinoma

A

Relatively common in all species

Multilobulated firm, raised with central areas of depression

RUSVM Pathology II 2016 (11 decks)

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