Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Pathology II 2016 > Alimentary System > Flashcards

Alimentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Normal oral and gastric mucosa should be….

A

Smooth and shiny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are feces considered a window into the health of the alimentary system?

A

The quality and quantity is often an early indicator of alimentary dysfunction as is regurgitation and vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Portals of entry of pathogenic agents

A

Ingestion
Coughed up by the lungs and swallowed
Systemic hematogenous route
Migration through the body (parasites)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Defense mechanisms of the alimentary system

A 
Saliva 
Resident flora and fauna 
Gastric pH
Secreting immunoglobulins
Vomiting
Intestinal proteolytic enzymes 
Phagocytes and other effector cells within the mucosa/submucosa 
High rate of epithelial turnover 
Increased peristalsis resulting in diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Palatoschisis

A

Cleft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cheiloschisis

A

Cleft lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Malocclusions

A

Failure of the upper and lower incisors to interdigitate properly resulting in problems with mastication and pretension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Brachygnathia

A

Shortening of the lower jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prognathia

A

Protrusion of the lower jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dental attrition

A

Loss of tooth structure cause by mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

“Step mouth”

A

Abnormal wearing of the teeth in herbivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dental calculus

A

Tartar –> mineralized dental plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the primary disease of the tongue?

A

Actinobacillosis “Wooden tongue”- actinobacillus lignieresii causing chronic stomatitis

Seen in cattle and occasionally swine and sheep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is thrush and what causes it?

A

Candidiasis

Seen in young animals treated with antibiotics for long periods of time or with underlying diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What lesion is seen with cats with chronic kidney failure?

A

Uremic glossitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Pathogenesis of uremic glossitis in cats with chronic kidney failure?

A

Increased BUN in the blood and in the oral cavity leading to ammonia using bacteria causing ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Etiology of Stomatitis?

A 
Infectious agents
Trauma
Chemical injury
Auto immune 
Idiopathic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ptyalism

A

Hyper salivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pathogenesis of viral vesicular stomatitides

A

Viral-induced epithelial damage –> intracellular edema in keratinocytes (ballooning and degeneration) –> vesicles –> bullae –> rupture leads to erosion and ulceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Etiology of Vesicular glossitis in a cat?

A

Feline calicivirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What species is Foot and Mouth disease found in?

A

Ruminants and pigs - NOT HORSES!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What species is vesicular stomatitis affect?

A

Ruminants, pigs, and horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What species does vesicular exanthema affect?

A

Swine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What species does Swine vesicular disease affect?

A

Only pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the clinical signs of FMD?

A

Ptyalism and lameness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What disease causes “Tiger heart” in young animals?

A

Foot and mouth disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What disease cause erosive ulcerative stomatitides in cattle?

A

BVD and Malignant Catarrhal fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What disease cause Papular stomatitides?

A

Parapoxvirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What disease causes pustular dermatitis of the lips and udder in sheep and goats?

A

Contagious ecchymosis, Orf , or sore mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where does contagious ecthyma develop?

A

Areas prone to trauma - lips, mammary glands and coronary bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What bacteria causes necrotizing stomatitis (oral necrobacillosis) in calves?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Epulis

A

Tumors of the periodontal ligament type stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Is oral melanomas in dogs benign or malignant?

A

Malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What causes congenital megaesophagus?

A

Persistent right aortic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What causes acquired megaesophagus?

A

Idiopathic or Myasthenia gravis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What causes chronic granulomatous esophagitis in dogs?

A

Spirocerca lupi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is ruminal tympany or bloat?

A

Over distinction of the rumen and reticulum due to gas produced during fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the primary cause of ruminal tympany?

A

A new diet that promotes the formation of stable foam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the secondary cause of ruminal tympany?

A

Physical or functional obstruction of the esophagus resulting in failure to eructate (e.g. Vagus indigestion, esophageal papillomas, lymphosarcoma

40
Q

What is the most reliable post mortem indicator of ante mortem bloat?

A

“bloat line”

41
Q

What results from grain overload?

A

Chemical rumenitis

42
Q

What does chemical rumenitis result from?

A

Grain overload or lactic acidosis

43
Q

What are “stellate ulcers”?

A

Ruminal scars resulting from fibrosis from ulcers from chemical rumenitis

44
Q

Which abomasal displacement is non fatal and results in partial obstruction of abomasal flow?

A

Left sided Abomasal displacement

45
Q

When does abomasal displacement normally take place?

A

After parturition

46
Q

What are most gastric ruptures due to in horses?

A

Intestinal obstruction

47
Q

How can you avoid gastric ulcers in pigs?

A

Reduce feeding finely ground feeds and wheat

48
Q

What results in gastric ulcers in horses?

A

The use of NSAIDs

49
Q

Which part of the horse stomach is most affected by gastric ulcers?

A

Nonglandular

50
Q

Pathogenesis for gastric ulceration:

A

Increased NSAIDs and steroid use
Increased histamine levels associated with mast cell tumors or mastocytosis
Gastric secreting pancreatic islet cell tumors or gastrinomas

51
Q

What bacteria is responsible for gastric ulceration and gastric polyps in dogs?

A

Helicobacter pyloris

52
Q

What are the possible etiologic diagnosis for gastric venous infarction in all species?

A

Bacterial : salmonella and E. Coli

53
Q

What are the possible etiologic diagnosis for gastric venous infarction in pigs?

A

Erysipelothrix rusiopathiae, Brachspira hyodysenteria, Glassers disease

54
Q

What causes abomasitis (Braxy) in lambs?

A

Clostridium septicum

55
Q

What causes Mycotic abomasitis in goats?

A

Long term use of antibiotics that kill of the natural flora and promote the grower of Angio-invasive fungi such as Aspergillus

56
Q

What is the most common neoplasia in the stomach of a horse?

A

Gastric squamous cell carcinoma

57
Q

What is the most common segmental anomaly of the intestine of domestic animals?

A

Atresia coli

58
Q

What is atresia coli?

A

Segmental anomaly in the intestine that ranges from stenosis (incomplete occlusion of the intestinal lumen) to atresia (complete occlusion of the intestinal lumen)

59
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing of the duct Or organ

60
Q

Atresia ani

A

Imperforate anus

61
Q

What is Lethal White syndrome in foals?

A

Congenital colonic aganglionosis- The nerves in the G.I. tract are affected and do not cause peristalsis which is not compatible with life

62
Q

Aganglionosis

A

The ganglia are not formed causing incomplete nerve conduction

63
Q

Enterolith

A

Composed of concentric Lamellae of magnesium, ammonium phosphate deposit around a “nucleus” or foreign body

64
Q

Trichobezoar

A

Hairball

65
Q

Phytobezoar or phytotrichobezoar

A

Composed mainly of plant material impregnated by some phosphate salts

66
Q

Hernia

A

The protrusion of an organ or part of an organ/tissue through an abnormal opening

67
Q

Internal hernia

A

Displacement of intestine through a normal or abnormal foramina within the abdominal cavity

68
Q

External hernia

A

Displacement of the loops of intestine, omentum and occasionally other viscera outside of the abdominal cavity. Displayed contents are inside the pouch formed by the peritoneum in the skin which protrudes through the hernial ring

69
Q

What is a diaphragmatic hernia?

A

Hernia of the diaphragm where intestines protrude into the thoracic cavity

70
Q

Intussuscipiens

A

External intestine of the intussusception

71
Q

Intussusceptum

A

The internal intestine of the intussusception

72
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the intestine on it’s mesenteric axis

73
Q

Torsion

A

rotation of the tubular organ along its long axis

74
Q

Enteritis

A

Inflammation of the small intestine

75
Q

Typhlitis

A

Inflammation of the cecum

76
Q

Typhocolitis

A

Inflammation of the cecum and colon

77
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation of the colon

78
Q

Proctitis

A

Inflammation of the anus

79
Q

What virus has an affinity for peyers patches?

A

BVD

80
Q

What virus causes a fibronecrotizing vasculitis?

A

Malignant Catarrhal Fever

81
Q

Catarrhal

A

Mild type of inflammation that attacks the surface epithelium and causes fever with thick gelatinous fluid containing mucus and mucins from a mucous membrane

82
Q

What disease causes severe Villus atrophy (blunting) and fusion in young piglets?

A

Transmissible gastro-enteritis

83
Q

What three diseases are common causes of neonatal diarrhea in calves?

A

Corona virus, Rotavirus, and Cryptosporidium

84
Q

What disease causes diarrhea in young animals of any species and damage to the surface enterocytes resulting in variable degrees of villous atrophy?

A

Rotavirus

85
Q

What a virus causes FIP in cats?

A

Coronavirus

86
Q

Clinical signs: Focal bilateral symmetrical encephalomalacia, edema of the face and intestines in pigs - what is the bacteria?

A

Verotoxigenic E. Coli

87
Q

Clinical signs: focal bilaterally symmetrical encephalomalacia in lambs - what is the bacteria?

A

Clostridium perfringens Type D

88
Q

What bacteria causes clostridial enterotoxemia?

A

Clostridium perfringens type A through E

89
Q

Dysbacteriosis

A

Disruption of the normal intestinal flora

90
Q

What bacteria causes Tyzzers disease?

A

Clostridium piliforme

91
Q

What causes Colitis X in horses?

A

Typhlocolitis of horses resulting from Dysbacteriosis leading to proliferation of toxigenic clostridia especially clostridium perfringens type A and clostridium difficile

92
Q

What causes a cerebroid proliferative ileitis in pigs?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

93
Q

Clinical signs: large bowel diarrhea with mucous and blood in the feces in pigs - what is the bacteria?

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

94
Q

Associated with suppurations pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals and ulcerative and pyogranulomatous enteric lesions with prominent regional lymphadenitis in foals?

A

Rhodococcus equi

95
Q

Clinical signs: diarrhea, emaciation, and hypoproteinemia in older dairy cattle- causative agent?

A

Mycobacterium avium ssp. Paratuberculosis

96
Q

What species are intestinal tumors most common in?

A

Dogs and cats

97
Q

What are most primary tumors of the alimentary tract?

A

Carcinomas

RUSVM Pathology II 2016 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions