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Surg Tech A&P > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

functions (5)

A
  • respiration
  • phonation
  • olfactory stimulation
  • preparation of inspired air
  • waste excretion
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2
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A
  • movement of air into and out of lungs

- physical act of breathing

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3
Q

hemoglobin

A
  • pigmented protein found in RBC

- binds/transports oxygen

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4
Q

upper respiratory tract (4)

A
  • nose
  • nasal cavity
  • sinuses
  • pharynx
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5
Q

lower respiratory tract (4)

A
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchial tree
  • lungs
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6
Q

3 specialized function of nares (nose)

A
  • gateway

- warms, humidifies, filters

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7
Q

paranasal sinuses (4)

A
  • ethmoid
  • sphenoid
  • maxillae
  • frontal bones
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8
Q

pharynx (2)

A
  • hollow, tubelike structure

- extends from nares to larynx/esophagus

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9
Q

larynx (adams apple/voice box) (4)

A
  • muscular cartilaginous structure
  • gateway to lower respiratory tract
  • 9 cartilage plates bound by ligaments
  • 3 large single plates (epiglottic, cricoid, thyroid)
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10
Q

glottis

A

-part of larynx

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11
Q

epiglottis (2)

A
  • leaf-shaped plate of elastic cartilage

- covers glottis during swallowing preventing aspiration

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12
Q

true vocal cords

A

-part of larynx

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13
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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14
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision to establish alternate air pathway

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15
Q

bronchial tree

A
  • primal bronchi: divides into R/L primary bronchi
  • secondary lobar: serve lobe of lung
  • tertiary (segmental): 8-10
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16
Q

alveoli (3)

A
  • individual functional unit of lung
  • microscopic sacs arranged in bunches
  • increase surface area for gas exchange to occur
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17
Q

surfactant

A

lipoprotein substance secreted by cells to prevent lung collapse

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18
Q

characteristics of brachial tree

A
  • epithelium: epithelial lining thins
  • cartilaginous support: gradually diminishes
  • smooth muscle: become more prominent
19
Q

lungs

A
  • essential organs of respiration

- bilaterally located to mediastinum

20
Q

apex of lung

A

superior most, pointed portion of lung

21
Q

base of lung

A

inferior most, flat portion of lung

22
Q

hilum of lung

A

entrance/exit of primary root

23
Q

function of lung membranes

A

interaction allows lung expansion while reducing friction

24
Q

parietal pleura

A

lines inner surface of chest wall, diaphragm, mediastinum

25
Q

visceral pleura

A

adherent too/completely lines outer surface of each lung (viscera=organ)

26
Q

partial pressure

A
  • daltons law: mixture of gases, each gas exerts own pressure as if other gases were not present
  • pressure of each specific gas in mixture known as partial pressure
27
Q

muscles of quiet INSPIRATION

A

-result of contraction primary muscles: diaphragm, external intercostals

28
Q

muscles of quiet EXPIRATION

A

-entirely passive process requiring NO MUSCLES

29
Q

nervous control

A

-groups of neurons located in medulla oblongata

30
Q

medullary respiratory (3)

A
  • dorsal & ventral respiratory groups
  • established basal breathing rate
  • ventral group active during quiet breathing
31
Q

pneumotaxic area

A

-increases breathing rate

32
Q

apneustic area

A

-decreased breathing rate

33
Q

what primarily regulates breathing rate?

A

blood hydrogen ion levels

34
Q

central chemoreceptors

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • sense blood carbon dioxide levels
  • monitors hydrogen ion levels in cerebrospinal fluid
35
Q

peripheral chemoreceptors

A
  • carotid & aortic bodies

- sense blood oxygen levels by monitoring passing blood

36
Q

respiratory volumes

A

total lung volume

37
Q

tidal volume

A

air the enters or exits lungs during single respiratory cycle of quiet breathing

38
Q

vital capacity (3)

A

sum of:

  • tidal volum
  • inspiratory reserve volume
  • expiratory reserve volume
39
Q

hyper-ventiation

A

increased respiratory rate

40
Q

apnea

A

temporary cessation of breathing

41
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult, painful or labored breathing

42
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormally slow breathing rate

43
Q

hypoxia

A

deficiency of oxygen at tissue level

44
Q

cyanosis

A

blue/gray discoloration of skin from low blood concentration of oxygen

Surg Tech A&P (16 decks)

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