Cardio Vascular System Flashcards
functions of the cardio vascular system (4)
- transportation
- protection
- thermoregulation
- homeostasis
what are the two separate closed circuits of the cardiovascular system? (2)
- pulmonary circuit: right ventricle
- system circuit: left ventricle
characteristics of the heart (4)
- hollow, cone shaped, 4chamber muscle
- within mediastinum
- situated anterior, right
- 2/3 mass left of midline
apex of heart
bluntly pointed, inferior portion of heart
base of heart
broadest, superior end of heart
PERICARDIUM + 3 layers (5)
- triple layered sack
- protects heart
1. fibrous pericardium
2. serous pericardium
3. visceral serous pericardium
fibrous pericardium (4)
- outermost layer
- tough connected tissue
- loose sac around heart
- anchors in place/prevents over stretching
serous pericardium (4)
- thinner, delicate, double layered membrane
- allows for friction free movement
1. paritetal serous pericardium: outermost serous layer
2. visceral serous pericardium: innermost serous layer
3 layers of the heart (3)
- epicardium: outermost layer, heart wall
- myocardium: middle layer, heart wall
- endocardium: innermost layer, heart wall
epicardium
outermost layer heart wall
myocardium (4)
- middle layer heart wall
- thickest layer (%95 of wall)
- cardiac muscle tissue
- generates pumping action
endocardium (3)
- innermost layer heart wall
- smooth lining minimizes surface friction
- prevents blood clotting
chambers of the heart are divided into right and left sides by what?
septum
chambers of the heart are divided into upper and lower halves by?
fibrous skeleton
atria (3)
- superior chambers
- thin walled (2-3mm)
- receive blood
right atrium (2)
- receives deoxygenated blood
- pumps deoxygenated blood into right ventricle
left atrium (2)
- receives oxygenated blood
- pumps oxygenated blood into left ventricle
intertrial septum (2)
- thin
- separates right and left atria
fibrous skeleton of the heart (4)
- dense connective tissue
- structural foundation
- electrically insulates atria from ventricles
- prevents dilation
ventricles (2)
- inferior chambers
- pumps (ejects) blood
right ventricle (2)
- receives deoxygenated blood
- pumps into pulmonary trunk
left ventricle (4)
- receives oxygenated blood from L atrium
- pumps under high pressure into aorta
- thick walled
- has greatest workload
valves of the heart (3)
- entrances/exits of ventricles guarded by valves
- open/close passively in response to pressure change
- 4 valves ensure 1 directional flow of blood
right semilunar valve
- “pulmonary valve”
- located exit from right ventricle
left semilunar valve
- “aortic valve”
- located exit from left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
- located between atriums/ventricles
- guards entrances
right atrioventricular valve
- “tricuspid” valve
- entrance to right ventricle
left atrioventricular valve
- “bicuspid/mitral” valve
- entrance to left ventricle
papillary muscles/chordae tendinae
-prevent eversion of atrioventricular valves during ventricular contractions
cardiac cycle
-events which comprise one complete heartbeat
QRS complex
represents rapid ventricular depolarization
first sound/S1
- “lubb” sound
- closure of atrioventricular valves
second sound/S2
- “dupp” sound
- closure of semilunar valves
heart rate
-resting adult rate 60-80 BPM
a
a
