Cardio Vascular System

Question 1

functions of the cardio vascular system (4)

Answer 1

• transportation
• protection
• thermoregulation
• homeostasis

Question 2

what are the two separate closed circuits of the cardiovascular system? (2)

Answer 2

• pulmonary circuit: right ventricle

- system circuit: left ventricle

Question 3

characteristics of the heart (4)

Answer 3

• hollow, cone shaped, 4chamber muscle
• within mediastinum
• situated anterior, right
• 2/3 mass left of midline

Question 4

apex of heart

Answer 4

bluntly pointed, inferior portion of heart

Question 5

base of heart

Answer 5

broadest, superior end of heart

Question 6

PERICARDIUM + 3 layers (5)

Answer 6

• triple layered sack
• protects heart
  1. fibrous pericardium
  2. serous pericardium
  3. visceral serous pericardium

Question 7

fibrous pericardium (4)

Answer 7

• outermost layer
• tough connected tissue
• loose sac around heart
• anchors in place/prevents over stretching

Question 8

serous pericardium (4)

Answer 8

• thinner, delicate, double layered membrane
• allows for friction free movement
  1. paritetal serous pericardium: outermost serous layer
  2. visceral serous pericardium: innermost serous layer

Question 9

3 layers of the heart (3)

Answer 9

1. epicardium: outermost layer, heart wall
2. myocardium: middle layer, heart wall
3. endocardium: innermost layer, heart wall

Question 10

epicardium

Answer 10

outermost layer heart wall

Question 11

myocardium (4)

Answer 11

• middle layer heart wall
• thickest layer (%95 of wall)
• cardiac muscle tissue
• generates pumping action

Question 12

endocardium (3)

Answer 12

• innermost layer heart wall
• smooth lining minimizes surface friction
• prevents blood clotting

Question 13

chambers of the heart are divided into right and left sides by what?

Answer 13

septum

Question 14

chambers of the heart are divided into upper and lower halves by?

Answer 14

fibrous skeleton

Question 15

atria (3)

Answer 15

• superior chambers
• thin walled (2-3mm)
• receive blood

Question 16

right atrium (2)

Answer 16

• receives deoxygenated blood

- pumps deoxygenated blood into right ventricle

Question 17

left atrium (2)

Answer 17

• receives oxygenated blood

- pumps oxygenated blood into left ventricle

Question 18

intertrial septum (2)

Answer 18

• thin

- separates right and left atria

Question 19

fibrous skeleton of the heart (4)

Answer 19

• dense connective tissue
• structural foundation
• electrically insulates atria from ventricles
• prevents dilation

Question 20

ventricles (2)

Answer 20

• inferior chambers

- pumps (ejects) blood

Question 21

right ventricle (2)

Answer 21

• receives deoxygenated blood

- pumps into pulmonary trunk

Question 22

left ventricle (4)

Answer 22

• receives oxygenated blood from L atrium
• pumps under high pressure into aorta
• thick walled
• has greatest workload

Question 23

valves of the heart (3)

Answer 23

• entrances/exits of ventricles guarded by valves
• open/close passively in response to pressure change
• 4 valves ensure 1 directional flow of blood

Question 24

right semilunar valve

Answer 24

• “pulmonary valve”

- located exit from right ventricle

Question 25

left semilunar valve

Answer 25

• “aortic valve”

- located exit from left ventricle

Question 26

atrioventricular valves

Answer 26

• located between atriums/ventricles

- guards entrances

Question 27

right atrioventricular valve

Answer 27

• “tricuspid” valve

- entrance to right ventricle

Question 28

left atrioventricular valve

Answer 28

• “bicuspid/mitral” valve

- entrance to left ventricle

Question 29

papillary muscles/chordae tendinae

Answer 29

-prevent eversion of atrioventricular valves during ventricular contractions

Question 30

cardiac cycle

Answer 30

-events which comprise one complete heartbeat

Question 31

QRS complex

Answer 31

represents rapid ventricular depolarization

Question 32

first sound/S1

Answer 32

• “lubb” sound

- closure of atrioventricular valves

Question 33

second sound/S2

Answer 33

• “dupp” sound

- closure of semilunar valves

Question 34

heart rate

Answer 34

-resting adult rate 60-80 BPM

Question 35

a

Answer 35

a