Reproductive System Flashcards
functions of the reproductive system
- production/nurturing of cells
- transportation of sex cells
- production of sex hormones
- protection/nourishment of developing offspring
what distinguishes female primary/secondary sex organs?
whether or not they produce sex cells and hormones
ovaries
- only primary female sex organ*
- produce/maintain female gamete
- ovoid shaped glands size of almond
ovarian stroma
-functional tissue of each solid gland
-2 regions:
outer cortex
inner medulla
ovarian cortex (outer stroma)
-contains cells that:
produce gametes
nourish developing gametes
produce female sex hormones
ovarian medulla (inner stroma)
- delivers nutrients/removes waste from cortex
- primary supportive layer
what is each ovary held in place by?
supportive ovarian ligaments
ovarian ligament
medial aspect of ovary to lateral wall
suspensory ligament (infundivulopelvic)
lateral aspect of ovary to postero-medial pelvic wall
female sex cells
ova
oocyte maturation
a
chromosomes in diploid cell
46 chromosomes
chromosomes in haploid cell
23 chromosomes
oogenesis
diploid cell splits into 2 haploid cells
menarche
females first menstrual cycle
fertilization
secondary oocyte penetrated by sperm cell
point at which individual becomes reproductively mature is known as?
puberty
female primary sex characteristics
- initial release of ESTROGEN initiates development*
- development/enlargement ovaries
- accessory sex organs
female secondary sex characteristics
- initial release of ESTROGEN initiates development*
- breasts
- adipose tissue
- voice pitch
estrogen
generator
development and maintenance of primary/secondary sex characteristics
progesterone
maintainer
lateral, open, funnel shaped end of fallopian tubes?
infundibulum
innermost uterine wall (mucosa)
ciliated columnar epithelium and secretory cells
middle layer uterine wall (muscular)
smooth muscle tissue
what are the ideal sites of sperm fertilization?
uterine tubes
fundus
- superior most portion of uterus
- superior to uterine tubes
corpus
- uterine body
- central most portion
cervix
inferior most portion of uterus
endometrium
innermost layer of the uterine wall
myomentrium
- middle layer of uterine wall
- thickest
- smooth muscle fibers
visceral peritoneum (perimetrium)
-outermost layer
-
4 paired ligaments of uterus
- round ligaments
- broad ligaments
- cardinal (lateral cervical) ligaments
- uterosacral ligaments
vagina
female copulatory organ
external opening of vagina
vaginal orifice or introitus
bartholins glands are located
vagina
skenes glands are located
female urethra
name and function used collectively for female external accessory organs?
- Vulva/Pudendum
- aids in copulation
parts of vulva/pudendum
- mons pubis
- labia majora
- labia minora
- clitoris
lactation
- the synthesis secretion and ejection of milk
- prolactin/oxytocin
prolactin
- synthesis and secretion of milk
- anterior pituitary hormone
oxytocin
- ejection of milk
- posterior pituitary hormone
areola
circular pigmented area surrounding nipple
average duration of menstrual cycle?
28 days
average onset of menarche?
12.8 years
menopause
cessation of menstrual cycle in late forties early fifties
menstrual phase (5)
- estrogen/progesterone levels drop
- endometrial ischemia/sloughing
- anterior pituitary secretes FSH
- stimulates development primary ovarian follicle
- ovarian follicle secretes estrogen responsible for regeneration and development of endo wall
what causes ovulation?
sudden surge in LH
secretory/luteal phase?
- maintains uterus lining
- development of stratum functionalis
primary male sex organ
- testes*
- paired
- produce maintain male gametes
seminiferous tubules
- produce sperm cells
- coiled convoluted tubes
