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T1 PHYSIOLOGY > RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Define the Respiration.

A

Gas exchange between atmosphere, blood, and body cells

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2
Q

Inhalation/Inspiration means?

A

Air flow INTO lungs

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3
Q

Exhalation/Expiration means?

A

Air flow OUT of lungs

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4
Q

What is Pulmonary Respiration?

A

Gas exchange between RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE

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5
Q

What is Tissue Respiration?

A

Gas exchange between BLOOD and TISSUE CELLS

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6
Q

What is Cellular Respiration?

A

Metabolic reaction of O2 and CO2 exchange in the production of ATP

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7
Q

Which 2 structures are involved in the Upper Respiratory System?

A

Nose

Pharynx (Throat)

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8
Q

Which 4 structures are involved in the Lower Respiratory System?

A

Larynx (Voice box)
Trachea (Windpipe)
Bronchi
Lungs

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9
Q

Which 7 structures are involved in the Conducting Zone?

A 
Nose
Pharynx (Throat)
Larynx (Voice box)
Trachea (Windpipe)
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles
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10
Q

What is the function of the Conducting Zone?

A

Filters/moisten air for lungs
Receive olfactory stimuli
Generate sound

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11
Q

Which 4 structures are involved in the Respiratory Zone?

A

Respiratory Bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts
Alveoli
Alveolar Sacs

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12
Q

What is the function of the Respiratory Zone?

A

Gas exchange

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13
Q

What is the function of Ciliated Cells in the Nose?

A

Moves mucous down to the Pharynx for digestion

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14
Q

Describe the structure and location of the Pharynx (Throat).

A

Funnelled tube behind Nasal Cavity and above Larynx

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15
Q

What are the functions of the Pharynx (Throat)?

A

Passageway for air and food
Chamber for sounds
Houses tonsils

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16
Q

Inferior to the Pharynx, it opens into the _________ posteriorly, and the ________ anteriorly.

A

Esophagus / Larynx

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17
Q

Where is the Larynx located?

A

Where the Pharynx divides

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18
Q

What is the Epiglottis?

A

Flap protecting top of Larynx

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19
Q

What structure is inferior to the larynx?

A

Trachea (Windpipe)

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20
Q

Describe the structure of the Trachea (Windpipe).

A

Hyaline cartilage c-shaped rings lined with mucous membrane

21
Q

What is the function of Cilia Cells in the Trachea?

A

Sweeps particulate down Pharynx

22
Q

The Bronchi starts at ____ dividing into right and left primary bronchi, which travels into ______________.

A

T5 / L and R lungs

23
Q

What is a Carina.

A

Sensitive area where Trachea divides which causes a cough reflex

24
Q

Describe the Mediastinum.

A

A region in thoracic cavity between Lungs

25
Q

What structures are the borders of the Mediastinum?

A

Ant. - Sternum
Pos. - Vertebrae
Sup. - Clavicle
Inf. - 1st Rib

26
Q

Each Bronchus divides into smaller units, which are:

A

Secondary Bronchi (3 R/2L)
Tertiary Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles

27
Q

What is the function of Alveolar Cells?

A

Gas exchange and keep cells moist (fluid secretion)

28
Q

What is the function of Surfactant in Alveolar Cells?

A

Reduces fluid tension of fluid and reduces Alveoli to collapse

29
Q

What do Alveolar Macrophages do?

A

Remove dust

30
Q

What does Fibroblast make?

A

Reticular and Elastic Fibres

31
Q

Oxygen from the _____ goes into the blood

A

Air

32
Q

Carbon Dioxide from the ______ goes into the air

A

Blood

33
Q

Gas exchange happen through _______ diffusion across the ________ and __________, which form the respiratory membrane

A

Simple / Alveolar / Capillary Walls

34
Q

Most of the oxygen is carried from the lungs to the body tissue bound to ___________ (Hb)

A

Hemoglobin

35
Q

Most of the carbon dioxide is carried in the blood in the form of ___________ (HCO2). Some is carried attached to ___________.

A

Bicarbonate / Carboxyhemoglobin

36
Q

What is the Pleural Membrane?

A

A double layer serous membrane protecting Lungs

37
Q

What is the Visceral Pleura?

A

Membrane covering Lungs

38
Q

What is the Parietal Pleura?

A

Membrane covering inside of Thoracic Cavity

39
Q

What is the Pleural Cavity?

A

Space between Pleural Membranes containing lubricating fluid

40
Q

To inhale, the thoracic volume _______ and the thoracic pressure ________

A

Increases / Decreases

41
Q

To exhale, the thoracic volume _______ and the thoracic pressure ________

A

Decreases / Increases

42
Q

Explain a Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

A

Largest volume of air inhaled into Lungs

43
Q

Explain Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV)

A

Volume of air exhaled in 1 sec, after max inhale

44
Q

Explain Tidal Volume

A

Volume of air in one regular breath

45
Q

Which part of the Brain controls the rhythm and rate of breathing?

A

Brain Stem

46
Q

Explain the Central Chemoreceptors.

A

Detects rising CO2 and H+, by increasing ventilation

47
Q

Explain the Peripheral Chemoreceptors.

A

Respond to rising CO2 and H+ concentrations and dropping O2 concentrations, by increasing ventilation

48
Q

Where are Peripheral Chemoreceptors located in the Brain?

A

The Carotid Arteries and Arch of the Aorta

T1 PHYSIOLOGY (17 decks)

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