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T1 PHYSIOLOGY > MUSCULAR SYSTEM PT 1 (UNFINISHED) > Flashcards

MUSCULAR SYSTEM PT 1 (UNFINISHED) Flashcards

1
Q

Define Electrical Excitability of muscle tissue.

A

Muscle tissue responds to stimuli by PRODUCING APs

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2
Q

Define Contractility of muscle tissue.

A

GENERATE TENSION when stimulated by an AP

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3
Q

Define Extensibility of muscle tissue.

A

STRETCH (LENGTHEN) WTHOUT DAMAGE

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4
Q

Define Elasticity of muscle tissue.

A

RETURN ORIGINAL SHAPE after contraction or stretch

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5
Q

List the order of the Hierarchy of Skeletal Organization.

A

Muscle
Fascicle
Muscle Fibre (Muscle Cell)
Myofibril

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6
Q

What are the characteristics fro Skeletal/Striated Muscle?

A
  • Alternating light and dark bands

- Voluntary/conscious control

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7
Q

A Muscle is subdivided into?

A

Bundles of fascicles

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8
Q

Describe a Fascicle.

A

Measured in MM. Made up of many muscle fibres

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9
Q

Describe a Muscle Fibre/Muscle Cell.

A

Cylindrical in shape and filled with Myofibrils

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10
Q

What is ‘Sarcolemma’?

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE of muscle cell

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11
Q

What are Transverse Tubules (T-tubules)?

A

Tiny TUNNELS in from the sarcolemma towards the centre of muscle fibre.

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12
Q

What is ‘Sarcoplasm’?

A

The cytoplasm of the muscle fibres, containing glycogen

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13
Q

Describe a Myoglobin.

A

A protein binding oxygen that diffuses into muscle fibres and delivers it to the mitochondria.

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14
Q

What are Myofibrils?

A

CONTRACTILE ORGANELLES of the muscle cell

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15
Q

What is the function of Cytoskeletal Proteins in Myofibrils?

A

Holds Myofibrils in place

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16
Q

What is Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?

A

SACS/TUBES surrounding each myofibril storing and releasing CALCIUM into cell

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17
Q

Define a Sarcomere.

A

Functional units of a myofibril (contractions)

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18
Q

What is an Actin?

A

Makes up THIN filaments

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19
Q

What is an Myosin?

A

Makes up THICK filaments

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20
Q

What generates force/contractions of a Myofibril?

A

The overlap and interaction of thick and thin filaments

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21
Q

What are Myofilaments?

A

2 contractile proteins of the Sarcomere: Actin and Myosin

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22
Q

Explain the PROCESS of the Neurological Control of muscle tissue.

A
  1. Axons reaches muscle using Axon Terminals
  2. Axon Terminals form junction with Sarcolemma
  3. Axons release Acetylcholine (ACh) over the synaptic cleft
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23
Q

What is a Motor Neuron?

A

A nerve cell that conducts APs to muscle cells

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24
Q

What is a Motor Unit?

A

The motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibres it innervates

25
Q

Precise movements require _______ changes in muscle contraction

A

Small

26
Q

Imprecise movements require _______ amounts of tension.

A

Large

27
Q

Muscles that perform ______ movements are made up of small motor units.

A

Fine

28
Q

Muscles that perform _______ movements are made up of large motor units.

A

Gross

29
Q

Explain Motor Unit Recruitment.

A

AP travels down motor neuron to muscle fibres which will generate force in that motor unit

30
Q

What are the 3 types of Skeletal Muscle Fibres?

A
  • Slow Oxidative
  • Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic
  • Fast Glycolytic
31
Q

Explain the characteristics of Slow Oxidative Fibres/Type l.

A
  • Fatigue resistant
  • Endurance-type functions
  • Lots of energy substrates
  • Generates ATP via aerobic cellular respiration
32
Q

Explain the characteristics of Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibres/Type lla.

A
  • High resistance to fatigue
  • Endurance and shorter-duration functions
  • Intermediate amounts of energy substrates
  • Generates ATP via aerobic/anaerobic pathways
33
Q

Explain the characteristics of Fast Glycolytic Fibres/Type llx.

A
  • Low resistance to fatigue
  • High intensity,short duration functions
  • Low amounts of energy substrates
  • Generates ATP via anaerobic pathways
34
Q

What is the Length-Tension Relationship?

A

Ability to generate force depends on the length of the sarcomeres within a muscle

35
Q

Define Isotonic.

A

Muscle contracts against a resistance that is not changing

36
Q

Define Concentric.

A

Shortening contraction

37
Q

Define Eccentric.

A

Lengthening contraction

38
Q

Define Isometric.

A

Muscle contracts which length of muscle does not visibly change

39
Q

Define a Variable Resistance.

A

Muscle contraction that varies the resistance to match the strength curve.

40
Q

Define Isokinetic.

A

Muscle contraction in a range that keeps movement constant

41
Q

What is a Twitch Contraction?

A

A brief contraction to a single AP in its motor neuron

42
Q

Define Muscle Resting Tone.

A

A small amount of tension generated in the muscles

43
Q

Define Flaccidity.

A

Lace of tone from nerve being damaged or cut

44
Q

What is Hypertrophy?

A

An INCREASE in muscle size

45
Q

What is Atrophy?

A

A DECREASE in muscle size

46
Q

Which muscle connective tissue surrounds the ‘entire muscle’?

A

Epimysium

47
Q

Which muscle connective tissue surrounds the ‘fascicles’?

A

Perimysium

48
Q

Which muscle connective tissue surrounds the ‘muscle fibres’?

A

Endomysium

49
Q

What is the Musculotendinous Junction?

A

Connection of muscle to tendon

50
Q

What is the Tendonperiosteal Junction?

A

Connection of tendon to periosteum

51
Q

What is Aponeurosis?

A

Broad, flat, tendon

52
Q

What is a Tendon Sheath?

A

Tube surrounding tendon for protection

53
Q

What is the function of Satellite Cells?

A

Muscle repair and regeneration

54
Q

Define Autorhythmicity.

A

Heart cells that act as a pacemaker

55
Q

Describe the characteristics of Smooth Muscle.

A
  • Spindle shape
  • Involuntary control
  • Found in walls of hollow tubes
  • Contractions slow but long
56
Q

Explain a Single Unit Smooth Muscle Tissue.

A

One AP supplies several smooth muscle fibres

57
Q

Explain a Multiunit Smooth Muscle Tissue.

A

One motor neuron terminal supplies one smooth muscle fibre

58
Q

Describe the characteristics of Cardiac Muscle.

A
  • Branched fibres
  • Involuntary control
  • Anchoring junctions with Intercalated Discs

T1 PHYSIOLOGY (17 decks)

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