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T1 PHYSIOLOGY > ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What are Endocrine Glands?

A

Organs that secrete substances into blood in response to stimuli

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2
Q

Another term for ‘Chemical Messengers/Hormones’ is?

A

Mediator Molecules

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3
Q

Explain the function of Hormones.

A

They are released into one part of body to regulate activity in another.

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4
Q

Explain the process of hormones accessing the body cell.

A
  • Released into interstitial fluid
  • Into bloodstream
  • To body cells
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5
Q

Explain how hormones deliver their ‘message’.

A
  • Hormones bind to receptors on cell membrane to target cells/organs
  • Changes shape of receptors
  • Activates pathways modifying cellular function (messaged delivered)
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6
Q

What does ‘Upregulation’ mean?

A

Increase in target cell receptors from lack of hormone circulation - Increases hormone sensitivity

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7
Q

What does ‘Down Regulation’ mean?

A

Decrease in target cell receptors from an excess of hormone circulation - Decreases hormone sensitivity

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8
Q

Explain how Hormone Levels fluctuate.

A

Will depend on demand and normal body rhythm

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9
Q

Explain how Normal Hormone Levels function.

A

Altered by environment/stress/inflammation/pathologies - absent in disease states

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10
Q

What are hormone levels managed through?

A

Negative Feedback Loops

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11
Q

List the Primary Glands of the Endocrine Glands.

A 
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pineal
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12
Q

What is the function of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary together?

A

Regulate growth/development/metabolism/homeostasis

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13
Q

Explain the function of the Hypothalamus.

A

Receives information from structures - controls ANS, regulate body temperature, thirst/hunger, emotions

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14
Q

What is the function of the Hypothalamus hormonally?

A
  • Release of Anterior pituitary glands

- Regulate synthesis

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15
Q

What is the function of the Hypothalamus neurologically?

A
  • Release Posterior pituitary glands

- Regulate synthesis

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16
Q

Describe the structure of the Pituitary/Hypophysis.

A

Small gland with 2 lobes in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

17
Q

AKA for ‘Adenohypophysis’?

A

Anterior pituitary Lobe

18
Q

AKA for ‘Neurohypophysis’?

A

Posterior pituitary Lobe

19
Q

The hormone release from the Anterior Pituitary Gland is controlled…?

A

Hormonally by hypothalamus

20
Q

List the functions of Human Growth Hormone.

A
  • Stimulates growth tissue/repair
  • Use lipids for energy
  • Elevates blood glucose levels
  • functions every few hours
21
Q

Explain the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.

A

Released by thyroid gland depending on thyroid levels in blood

22
Q

Explain the Adrenocorticotropic Hormone.

A

Cortisol release from adrenal glands in stress-related stimuli

23
Q

Explain the Luteinizing Hormone in females.

A

Triggers ovulation

24
Q

Explain the Luteinizing Hormone in males.

A

Stimulates testes releasing testosterone

25
Q

Explain the Follicle Stimulating Hormone in females.

A

Ovarian follicle development

26
Q

Explain the Follicle Stimulating Hormone in males.

A

Sperm production in testes

27
Q

Explain Prolactin.

A

initiates and maintains milk production in mammary glands

28
Q

The hormone release from the Posterior Pituitary Gland is controlled…?

A

Neurologically by Hypothalamus

29
Q

What are the two hormones from the Posterior Pituitary Gland?

A
  • Oxytocin

- Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

30
Q

Explain Oxytocin.

A

Enhances smooth muscle contraction of uterus and stimulates milk ejection

31
Q

Explain Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)/Vasopressin.

A
  • Decrease urine production

- Causes arteriolar vasoconstriction

32
Q

Describe the function of the Parathyroid Gland.

A

Increase blood calcium/magnesium/phosphate by increasing osteoclasts - works with kidneys to promote calcitriol

33
Q

Describe the function of the Thyroid Gland.

A

Produces thyroid hormones and Calcitonin - controlled by hypothalamus-pituitary

34
Q

What is the function of Calcitonin?

A
  • Active form of VItD

- Decrease blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity

T1 PHYSIOLOGY (17 decks)

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