NERVOUS SYSTEM - STRUCTURES OF N.S Flashcards
What is the function of Neuroglia Cells?
Provide support and protection to neurons
A dendrites function is known as?
Input portion
What is Dopamine?
The brain’s ‘reward and pleasure’ centre. Responsible for emotional responses/addictive behaviours
Which neuron contain a peripheral process and a central process?
Unipolar
Which neuron structure contain one main dendrite and one axon?
Bipolar
If neurotransmitter is inhibitory, AP is ______ likely
Less
Describe function of Sensory/Afferent Neurons.
Located at the dendrite ends. Once activated by a stimulus, AP forms and travels along the axon and into the CNS
An axons function is known as?
Output portion
Acetylcholine (ACh)
x
What is Myelin and its function?
Layers of lipid and protein covering to speed up AP
Define the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB).
A barrier that prevents the passage of materials from the blood and the brain. Protects brains from harmful substances.
Astrocytes
Assists Blood-Brain Barrier and provide nutrients to neurons
What is PRE-Synaptic Neuron?
The neuron SENDING signals
What do Oligodendrocytes form and maintain?
Forms myelin sheath of CNS neurons
Which neuron structure contains several dendrites and one axon?
Multipolar
What is an Action Potential?
An electrical signal travelling along the cell membrane
The peripheral axon of a unipolar neuron contain?
Sensory Receptors
What is POST-Synaptic Neuron?
The neuron RECEIVING singals
What is Serotonin?
A chemical controlling mood/sleep/appetite/temperature regulation/sensory perception
The central axon of a unipolar neuron contain?
Axon Terminals
What is the function of the ‘Microglia’?
It is a phagocytotic cell, that removes debris
What is Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)?
A colourless fluid that circulates the brain and spinal cord.
Describe Schwann Cells.
Found and functions in the PNS. They encircle the axon, form myelin sheath, and involved in regeneration
Describe the function of Motor/Efferent Neurons.
The AP travels away from CNS, to the effectors
Describe the function of Interneurons/Asscoiation Neurons.
The communication between sensory and motor neurons. Processes information (sensory.n) and activates response (motor.n) if needed.
If neurotransmitter is excitatory, AP is ______ likely
More
Define Synaptic Cleft.
Space between communicating neurons
A cell body/soma function is?
Processes protein to parts of the neurons
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
x
What is Synapses?
Site of communication between two neurons or with another cell
Where are the Synaptic End Bulbs located?
The ends of Axon Terminals
Explain a Electrical Synapses.
APs conduct directly between the plasma membranes through gap junctions
What is a Stimulus?
A major change in environment (internal/external) that activates an AP
Where are Axon Terminals located?
The ends of an axon
Explain Chemical Synapses.
AP reaches the end of the pre-synaptic neuron, the release of a neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft, binds to the post-synaptic neuron
Neurotransmitter (NT)
A chemical released by the pre-synaptic neuron to affect the post-synaptic neurons or effector
What is the function of Ependymal cells?
Produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid in brain and spinal cord
