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T1 PHYSIOLOGY > NERVOUS SYSTEM PT 2 - STRUCTURE/FUNCTION OF CNS > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM PT 2 - STRUCTURE/FUNCTION OF CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Define Nucleus/Nuclei.

A

A cluster of neurons in the CNS

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2
Q

Define Ganglion/Ganglia.

A

A cluster of neurons in the PNS

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3
Q

Define a ‘Tract’?

A

Axon bundles that interconnect neurons in the CNS

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4
Q

What is a ‘Nerve’?

A

Axon bundles in the PNS

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5
Q

What do Peripheral Nerves connect?

A

Connects the spinal cord to the periphery

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6
Q

What do Cranial Nerves connect?

A

Connects the brain to periphery

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7
Q

Define Grey Matter?

A

Collection of UNMYELINATED NERVE FIBRES in the CNS

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8
Q

Define White Matter.

A

Collection of MYELINATED AXONS in the CNS

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9
Q

The extension of the spinal cord run from?

A

The brain stem to L2

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10
Q

What is the Conus Medullaris?

A

A structure at L2 where the spinal cord tapers into

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11
Q

What is the Cauda Equina?

A

Roots of spinal nerves below the Conus Medullaris

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12
Q

What is the Anterior Median Fissure and Posterior Median Sulcus?

A

Grooves that divide white matter into left and right sides

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13
Q

What is a Central Canal?

A

A tube centre of the spinal cord that contains CSF

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14
Q

GREY MATTER is divided into regions called?

A

HORNS

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15
Q

Which neurons pass through the Posterior/Dorsal Horns contain?

A

Incoming sensory neurons and interneurons

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16
Q

Which neurons pass through the Anterior/Ventral Horns contain?

A

Motor Nuclei

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17
Q

Where are Lateral Horns present, and what do they contain?

A

Present in thoracic, upper lumbar, and sacral portion. Contains Sympathetic Nuclei

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18
Q

WHITE MATTER is divided into 3 regions called?

A

COLUMNS

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19
Q

Each white matter column contains ________ that have a common origin/destination.

A

Tract (axon bundles)

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20
Q

Sensory/Ascending Tracts conduct APs _______ the brain.

A

Toward

21
Q

Motor/Descending Tracts conduct APs _______ the brain.

A

Away

22
Q

What are the 3 regions of the brain stem?

A
  • Mid Brain
  • Pons
  • Medulla Oblongata
23
Q

The Midbrain of the brain stem, is the centre for?

A

Tracking visual activities and hearing

24
Q

The Pons centre of the brain stem controls?

A

Breathing

25
Q

The Medulla Oblongata of the brain stem, is the centre control for?

A

Heart rate
Blood pressure
Swallowing
Vomiting

26
Q

What are Substantia Nigra?

A

A nuclei that make dopamine

27
Q

What is Reticular Formation?

A

A net-like formation of neural tissue extending through brainstem, containing the Reticular Activating System (RAS)

28
Q

What is the function of the Reticular Activating System (RAS)?

A

Consciousness and prevents sensory overload

29
Q

The function of the Cerebellum is?

A

Coordinates skeletal muscle contraction, posture and balance

30
Q

What are the 3 structures of the Diencephalon?

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Thalamus
  • Epithalamus
31
Q

Hypothalamus has a major role in…?

A

Regulating hemostatsis

32
Q

The Thalamus functions as?

A

The relay station for sensory input to the cerebral cortex

33
Q

What does the Epithalamus contain and its function?

A

Contains the Pineal Gland and involved in smelling

34
Q

The 4 structures of the brain are?

A
  • Brain Stem
  • Cerebellum
  • Diencephalon
  • Cerebrum
35
Q

The Cerebrum are 2 hemispheres that consist of?

A
  • The Cerebral Cortex
  • White Matter
  • Basal Ganglia
36
Q

What are Sensory Areas of the Cerebral Cortex involved in?

A

Perception

37
Q

What are Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex involved in?

A

Voluntary movements

38
Q

What functions does the Association Areas (White Matter) of the Cerebrum control?

A

Memory
Emotion
Personality Traits

39
Q

The Basal Ganglia (Basal Nuclei) of the Cerebrum functions to?

A

Regulate movements/subconscious contractions

40
Q

What are the 3 structures included in the Limbic System?

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
41
Q

What is the function of the Hippocampus of the Limbic System?

A

Converts short term memory into long term memory

42
Q

What is the function of Amygdala of the Limbic System?

A

Emotional function

43
Q

What is Meninges?

A

3 layers of CT the encircle the brain and spinal cord

44
Q

The tough outer layer of the Meninges is known as?

A

Dura Mater

45
Q

The middle layer of the Meninges is the?

A

Arachnoid Membrane

46
Q

The inner layer, under the Arachnoid Membrane of the Meninges is the?

A

Pia Mater

47
Q

Define the Epidural Space.

A

A adipose and CT space between the vertebral canal and dura mater (not found in brain)

48
Q

Define the Subdural Space.

A

Interstitial fluid space between Dura Mater and Arachnoid Membrane

49
Q

Define the Subarachnoid Space.

A

CSF space between Arachnoid Membrane and Pia Mater

T1 PHYSIOLOGY (17 decks)

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