Respiratory System Flashcards
What organs are part of the respiratory system?
Pharynx, Trachea, lungs, brochial passagways, and larynx
What is the function of the Respiratory System?
Form a ventilation system from lungs, pharynx, trachea, and brochial passaways. Which brings in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the blood, while helping to maintain the acidity of the blood. Larynx prouduces sounds.
What does the largopharynx connect to?
Trachea
What are three paired hyaline cartilage structures?
Arytenoid, Cuniform, and corniculate.
What are three single cartilage strucutures?
Thyroid, Crioid, and Epiglottis
The vocal folds attach via small muscles to the _____ cartilage.
Arytenoid cartilage (ladle-like)
The largest cartilage, ______, is seen anteriorly and has a prominance called the Adam’s apple, which is made of hyaline cartilage.
Thyroid cartilage
The ______ cartilage, which is inferior to the thyroid cartilage, is larger on the posterior side than on the anterior side and consists of hyaline cartilage .
Cricoid cartilage
The oval-shaped ____ is composed of elastic cartilage and closes over the glottis during swallowing.
Epiglottis
The superior folds are the _____, or false vocal cords, while the ______ or true vocal cords are inferior and medial.
Ventricular (little belly), folds (vesitbular folds) create sound
Vocal folds
What is the function of trachea?
Conducts air in the larynx –> bronchi conducts the main airway
What are the C-shaped cartilage rings called?
Cricoid cartilage
What are two functions of the trachealis muscle?
It connects the open sides of the C-shaped cartilage and it allows expansion of the esphagus into the trachea during swallowing.
Where does the trachea end?
At the carina which is located inferiorly and branches into a shorter right and longer left primary bronchus.
Which part on the bronchial tree is the conducting zone?
1) Trachea
2) Primary Bronchi
3) Secondary Bronchi
4) Tertiary Bronchi
5) Bronchioles
6) Terminal Bronchioles
What is the purpose of the conducting zone?
It is the function of the respiratory system conducting air from the nose to terminal bronchioles.
Which part of the bronchial tree is the respiratory zone?
1) Respiratory bronchioles
2) Alveolar Ducts
3) Alveolar sacs
4) Alveoli
What is the purpose of the respiratory zone?
It gives us a deeper insight of air traveling down to the smallest part of the bronchial tree.
What is the order of the microscopic airways to the alveoli?
Terminal bronchioles –> Respiratory bronchioles –> Alveolar Ducts —> Alveolar Sacs —-> Alveoli
How many lobes does the right and left lung have?
Right = 3 lobes (superior, middle, & inferior)
Left=superior and inferior lobes
Each lung has a _____, an area surrounded with pleura, where the bronchi, blood and lymphatic vessls, and nerves enter or exit the medial side of the lung.
Hilum
____ lines the thoracic cavity wall, and _____ covers the surface of each lung.
Parietal pleura, and visceral pleura
Nasal cavity, Paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx have what epithelia cell?
Psudostratified Ciliated Columnar
Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx, Larynx (vocal folds and above) have what epithelia cell?
Stratified squamous
Larynx (below vocal folds), trachea, and primary (main) bronchi have what epithelia cell?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Secondary (lobar) bronchi, tertiary (segmental) bronchi, end of tertiary (segmental) bronchi, and bronchioles, including terminal bronchioles have what epithelia cell?
Simple columnar, fewer cilia
Respiratory borchioles have what type of epithelia cell?
Begins as simple cuboidal; ends as simple squamous
Alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli have what type of epithelia cell?
Simple squamous
How does boyle’s law interplay with the lungs breathing?
As volume increases, pressure decrease. (Exhaling/inhaling)
As volume decreases, pressure increases (asthma attack)
Normal inhalation is caused mainly by contraction of the ______.
Diaphragm
During quite inhalation, contraction of the _____ further increases the width of the thoracic cage by raising the ribs.
External Intercoastal muscles
What muscles cause a greater increase in thoracic volume during forced inhalation by elevating the rib cage and sternum, resutling in a greater volume of air inhaled?
sternoclidomastoid, scalenes, and pectoralis minor muscles
Is normal exhalation an active or passive process?
Passive process—because the diaphragm is relaxing and the elastic recoil of the chest and lungs.
What muslces are part of inhalation?
Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, external intercostals, and diaghragm.
What muscles are part of exhalation?
Internal intercoastals, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis.
Is the movement of air between the atmosphere and the lungs that occurs when we inhale (inhalation) and exhale (exhalation) called what?
Pulmonary ventilation
Is the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into pulmonary capilliaries and carbon dioxide from pulmonary capillaries to the alveoli called what?
External Respiration
Is the movement of oxygen from capillaries into body cells and carbon dioxide from body cells into capillaries called what?
Internal respiration
As the thorax expands, the two serous plaural membranes do what?
Move together and work to pull lungs outward.
What does negative pressure mean?
Pressure lower than atmospheric
What is the purpose of the spirometer?
An instructment used to measure lung volumes.
What does tidal volume stand for?
The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during one normal breath
What does Inspiratory reserve volume stand for?
Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation
What does Expiratory volume stand for?
Maximum amount of air that can exhaled after a normal exhalation.
What does residual volume stand for?
Amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation.
What vital capacity stand for?
Maximum volume of air expelled after a maximal inhalation
