Endocrine System Flashcards
What is the funcation of the endocrine system?
Various glands communicate chemically with target organs and coordinate numerous body functions
What does endocrine mean?
Within; to secrete
What is the function of the pituitary gland?
Regulated by and located below the hypothalamus
What is the anterior glandualar tissue called?
Adenohypophysis
What is the posterior nervous tissue called?
Neurohypophysis
What are the Anterior Pituitary Hormones?
Human growth hormone (hGH), Thyroid Stiumulating hormone (TSH), Follicle-Stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Prolactin (PRL), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Melanocyte Stimulating hormone (MSH)
What are the Posterior Hormones?
Anti-durietic hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin (OT) both made in anterior pituitary
What does tropic hormones mean?
Target another endocrine gland
What is the relationship between the hypothamlamus and pituitary?
- Hypothamlamus senses low thyroid homorne levels in the blood and releases TRH.
- TRH acts on the anterior pituitary to secrete TSH
- TSH acts on the follicular cells of the thyroid
- Follicular cells release thyroid hormones into the blood
- Elevated levels of thyroid hormones in the blood inhibit further secretions of TRH and TSH from the hypothalamus and pituitary.
What tissue does the Human growht hormone help? (aka somatotropin)
Liver and other tissues
What tissue does the thyroid-stimulating homrone help? (aka thyrotropin)
Thyroid gland
What tissue does the follicle-stimulating hormone help?
Ovaries and Testes
What tissue does the luteinizing hormone help?
Ovaries and Testes
What tissue does the prolactin help?
Mammary Glands
What tissue does the Adrenocorticotropic hormone aka corticotropin help?
Adrenal Cortex
What tissue does the Melanocyte-stimulating hormone help?
Brain
What tissue does the oxytocin help?
Uterus and mammary glands
What tissue does the Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin help?
Kidneys and Sudoriferous (sweat) glands and arterioles
What are the hormones in the thyroid gland?
T4=Thyroxie
T3=Triodothyronne
Calcitonin
What hormone is found in the parathyroid glands?
Parathyroid homrone (PTH)
What hormones are found in the adrenal cortex?
Aldosterone, Cortisol, and Androgens
What hormones are found in the Adrenal medulla?
Epinephrin and norepinephrine
Does the Pancrease have endocrine or exocrine functions, or both?
Both
What types of hormone function is given by the overies?
Estrongen and progestrone
What types of hormone functions is given by the testes?
Testosterone
Pineal gland where and what?
Located in the brain and melatonin
What type of hormone is in the thymus?
Thymosin
Where are the adrenal glands located?
Superior part of the kidney
What surrounds each adrenal galnd?
A capsule which is composed of an outer cortex and a central medulla.
What is the Adrenal cortex?
Is glandular and can be divided histologically into three layers, each layer secreting different homrone.
What are the layers of the Adrenal cortex?
Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Recticularis
What hormones are secreted by the zona glomerulose?
Mineralcorticoids with aldosterone being the main hormone.
What hormones are secreted by the zona fasciculata?
Glucocorticoids, with cortisol bring the main hormone secreted.
What hormones are secreted by the zona recticularis?
DHEA (dehydroepiandrsterone) male androgen
What is the adrenal medulla?
Made up of nervous tissues that is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system to secrete to hormones.
What two hormones are secreted in the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine and Norepinphrine–secreted into blood and travel to another part of the body to target cells
Exocrine enzymes are secreted into the duodenum of the small intestine through a duct called _____ and function in digestion.
Pancreatic Duct
Endocrine cells, called _____ are located as little islands among the clusters of acini cells.
pancreatic islets (islets of langerhans)
The ____ or A cells in the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon, and the ___ or B cells secrete insulin.
Alpha and Beta
What is the pineal gland?
Small, cone-shaped gland that is located in the brain posterior to the thalamus and superior to the cerebellum
What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin in darkness, and to a lesser degree in daytime, helps set the body’s biological clock.
What is the function of the thymus?
Plays a role in the immune function and is located anterior and superior to the heart
What hormone is produced by the thymus?
Thymosin
