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Lab Physiology 202 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the digestive System?

A

The mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas form a system that mechanically and chemically breaks down food, absorbs the molecules from it, and eliminates solide waste.

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2
Q

What are Primary GI Tract Organs?

A 
Mouth 
Oro- and laryngo- pharynx 
Esophagus 
Stomach 
Small Intestine 
Large
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3
Q

What are Accessory Digestive Organs?

A 
Teeth 
Tongue
Salivary Glands 
Liver 
Gallbladder 
Pancreas
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4
Q

Draw out the laers of GI tract and peritoneum.

A

Superficial=close to lumen, deep=farther away from lumen;

Muscosa, submucosa, muscularis, and either serosa, or adventitia (adventitia in esphagus) Stomach has one more muscular layer-oblique

Folds of peritoneum secure organs: Mesentery, mesocolon, lesser and greater omentum (falciform ligament-liver)

Kidneys & pancreas-retroperitoneal

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5
Q

What are the Peritoneal Cavity?

A

Lesser Omentum
Mesocolon
Mesentery
Greater Omentum

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6
Q

What are the sphincters?

A 
Upper Esophageal
Lower Esophageal 
Pyloric 
Ileocecal 
Anal Sphincters
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7
Q

What is the function of the esphagus?

A

Muscular tube; Upper and lower esophageal sphinters

Layers: longtiudinal smoother muslce –shortening
Cirucular smooth muscle–squeezing
Adventitia-outermost layers

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8
Q

What is the funcation of the stomach?

A

Cardia, fundus, body, pyloris, Rugae

Greater and lesser curvatures
Oblique Layer

Gastric Glands and pits: Parietal cells-HCl acid
Chief Cells-pepsoinogen
G cells-gastrin hormone

Has no goblet cells

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9
Q

What are the parts of the small intestine?

A 
DJ ileum-"Churn Down for Whut" 
Dueodenum
Jejunum
ileum 
lleocecal sphincter 
Segmentation 
Circular fold, villi, microvilli
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10
Q

Label the parts of the large intestine.

A

Absorption of water, bacteria complete digestion, prepares and elminates feces

lleocecal sphincter
Appendix
Ascending, transverse, and descending colon
Teniae colon
Rectum
Anus
Anal Aphincters (External-volunatry and internal-involuntary)

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11
Q

What is the liver main function?

A

Making bile which metabolizes lipids

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12
Q

What is the gallbladder main function?

A

Concentrates and stores bile

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13
Q

What is the pancreas main function?

A

Head, body, tail, secretes digestive enzymes and bicarb into the duodenum

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14
Q

___ of food

A

Ingestion

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15
Q

____ of digestive juices

A

secretion

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16
Q

mixing and ___ of food

A

propulsion

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17
Q

___ of food into small, absorable molecules

A

digestion

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18
Q

____ of digestive products across the GI tract wall and into the body

A

Absorption

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19
Q

Is digestion mechanical or chemical digestion?

A

Both

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20
Q

What is the largest serous membrane in the body?

A

The peritoneum

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21
Q

What are the inner and outer surfaces of the peritoneum called?

A

Parietal Peritoneum (inner surface) & Visceral Peritoneum (outer surface)

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22
Q

What fluid is found in between the two peritoneal layers in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Peritoneal (serous) fluid

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23
Q

What holds the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Mesentery

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24
Q

What holds the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Mesocolon

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25
Q

The liver is bound to the anterior abdominal wall by the ____.

A

Falciform ligament

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26
Q

What attaches to the transverse colon and small intestine, and it resembles as a large, fatty-looking apron?

A

Greater Omentum

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27
Q

What connects to the medial curve of the stomach with the liver?

A

Lesser Omentum

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28
Q

The ___ and ____ form the roof of the mouth, the tongue forms the floor, and the cheeks form the lateral walls.

A

Hard and Soft Palates

29
Q

The anterior border is the lips, and the posterior border is the _____, which is the opening to the oropharynx.

A

Fauces

30
Q

The mouth is also called the oral or ____ cavity.

A

Buccal

31
Q

The _____ is the space between the lips and teeth.

A

Vestibule

32
Q

The lips are attached to the ___ by the ____.

A

Gingivia and labial frenulum

33
Q

What two arches are formed that the uvula hangs down between them?

A

Palatglossal arch (anterior) and Palatopharyngeal (posterior)

34
Q

When teeth break down food into smaller pieces by a mechanical process called what?

A

Mastication

35
Q

What is the function of the tongue?

A

Mixes food with saliva, initiate chemical digestion.

36
Q

Where does the oropharynx begin?

A

At the uvula and extends to the hyoid bone

37
Q

What is the oropharynx function?

A

Has both respiratory and digestive functions because air, food, and liquid pass throught it

38
Q

What is the largopharynx function?

A

Begins at the hyoid bone and divides into digestive and repiratory pathways just inferior to the epiglottis

39
Q

What controls the passage of food from the largopharynx into the esphagus?

A

Upper Esophageal Sphincter

40
Q

As food continues down the esphagus and from the upper esphageal sphincter, what’s next?

A

Lower Esphageal Sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

41
Q

What digestive function occurs in the esphagus and how is it accomplished?

A

Through propulsion, which moves food into the stomach and is accomplised by peristalsis, a series of contractions and relaxations of te muscularis layer.

42
Q

Where does the esphagus lead to?

A

Superior part of the stomach

43
Q

What is the first part of the stomach?

A

Cardia, inferior to the lower esophageal sphincter

44
Q

What is the second part of the stomach?

A

Fundus, is the elevated area to the left of the cardia that serves as the temporary holding area for food

45
Q

What is the third part of the stomach?

A

The body is the largest, curved part of the stomach

46
Q

What comes after the body of the stomach?

A

The pyloric antrum

47
Q

The pyloric antrum breaks down into two sectors what are they?

A

Plyoric canal and pyloric sphincter

48
Q

Is a smooth muscle that allows food to enter the first part of the small intestine the duodenum is called what?

A

Pyloric sphincter

49
Q

The stomach has large, conspicuous ridges in the mucosa called ____ that allow the stomach to be stretched when food and drink are present.

A

Rugae

50
Q

The lateral curve of the stomach is the _____ and the smaller medial curve is called ____.

A

Greater and lesser curvature

51
Q

What digestive functions does the stomach have?

A

Secretion of gastric jucies–begin the chemcial digestion of protein and lipids; stop chemical digestion of carbohydrates
Mixing and Propulsion–propel food into the small intestine
Mechanical and chemical digestion

52
Q

What are the three sections of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum

53
Q

What has the shortest section, the ____, resmebles the “C” and receives food through the pyloric sphincter.

A

Duodenum

54
Q

The next section _____ is about 3 feet long and has a thicker layer of smooth muscle. It is named because on death it is found to be empty.

A

Jejunum

55
Q

The ____ the last section of the small intestine, is about 6 feet long and ends at the ileoceceal sphincter (valve) where it joins the large intestine.

A

ileum

56
Q

What are the digestive system functions of the small intestine?

A

Secretion: from the pancreas, liver, and intestinal glands are deposited into the lumen of the small intestine
Mixing and Propulsion
Mechanical and chemical digestion
Absorption: occurs in small intestine

57
Q

What is large intestine composed of?

A

Cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal

58
Q

A blind pouch called the ____, which is about 2 to 3 inches long, extends inferiorly from the large intestine at the ileocecal sphincter in the lower right quadrant.

A

Cecum

59
Q

The slender ___, which is lymphatic tissue, branches off the cecym and is also about 2 to 3 inches long.

A

Appendix

60
Q

From the ileocecal junction, the ____ extends superiorly to the liver on the right side of the abdomen and makes a 90 turn to the left at the right colic (hepatic) flexure.

A

Ascending colon

61
Q

The colon continues as the _____ until it reaches the spleen, where it makes another 90 turn at the left colic (splenic) flexure.

A

Transverse colon

62
Q

The ____ then continues inferiorly on the left side to an S-shaped curve called the sigmoid colon at the level of iliac crest.

A

Descending colon

63
Q

____ are three longitudinal bands of smooth muscle that run along the length of the large intestine.

A

Teniae coli

64
Q

Following the sigmoid colon, at about the third sacral vertebre level, is the ____.

A

Rectum

65
Q

The last segment of the colon is the _____, whihc has longitudinal anal columns or folds rich with blood vessels.

A

Anal Canal

66
Q

The anal canal opens to the exterior at the an opening called the ___.

A

Anus

67
Q

Two muscle sphincters in the anus: the ____ and ___ one is involuntary and voluntary.

A

Internal Sphincter

External Sphincter

68
Q

What is the digestive function of the large intestine?

A

Absorbs large amount of water

Bacteria completes digestion and produce vitamins

Secretes mucus and eliminates fecal material from the body through the anus

Lab Physiology 202 (10 decks)

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