Respiratory system 2

Question 1

Properties of the respiratory system

Answer 1

compliance 
resistance
elasticity
dynamic compression
work of breathing

Question 2

compliance

Answer 2

change of volume results in change of volume

Question 3

opening and closing of alveoli

Answer 3

high pressure are needed for opening collapsed alveoli
at a critical opening pressure a maintained inspiratory effort will inflate most of the lung tissue
on deflation alveoli tend to remain open and empty at lower pressures

Question 4

Reduced compliance

Answer 4

atelectasis
fibrosis
pneumonthorax
obesity
pulmonary vascular engorgement
pleural effusion

Question 5

filling alveoli

Answer 5

flow resistive properties
interdependence
collateral channels

Question 6

AWR

airway resistance

Answer 6

type of airflow 
lung volume
state of contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
airway obstruction
tissue resistance

Question 7

Dynamic properties of ventilation

Answer 7

80% of AWR id produced by medium sized bronchi
20% is produced by small airways
when laminar flow occurs AWR decreases

Question 8

patterns of airflow

Answer 8

laminar
turbalent
transitional

Question 9

Laminar

Answer 9

very small airways

Question 10

turbalent

Answer 10

trachea and larger airways at higher velocity

Question 11

transitional

Answer 11

combination
medium sized airways
at branch points

Question 12

Pulmonary sufactant

Answer 12

lowers elastic recoil
lipid protein mix
increased compliance of lungs
stabilizes small alveoli
variable production

Question 13

surface tension on the alveolus

Answer 13

caused by attraction forces between water molecules

results in alveoli

• resist stretching
• reduced surface area
• recoil following stretch

Question 14

surfactant depletion

Answer 14

gestational age
near drowning
bronchial lavage
high level of FI02 (Fraction of inspired 02)

Question 15

Dynamic compression

Answer 15

forced expired creates positive intrapleural pressure

Question 16

Equal pressure hypothesis

Answer 16

transmural pressure gradient is zero
equal pressure point
intrapleural president becomes more positive
transmural pressure gradient becomes negative
dynamic compression
airways collapse of smaller airways

Question 17

work of breathing

Answer 17

changes in transmural pressure x change in lung volume

Question 18

normal work of breathing

Answer 18

work required to expand lungs
work required to overcome airways resistance
tissue resistance

Question 19

WOB

Answer 19

increases as respiratory level uncreases due to
poor compliance
increased resistance- intrinsic and extrinsic
decrease in respiratory capacity