Parkinsons Disease Flashcards
Parkinsons
chronic, progressice neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the degeneration of dopmine producing neurones in the substansia nigra of the basal ganglia
Prevalance
most common neurodegeneratve condition
increases with age
men more likely
Cause
genetic
environmental
Cardinal signs
tremor
rigidity
akinesia and bradykinesia
postural instabilty
Ridgity
stiiff and inflexible muscles
resistance to passive movement
lead pipe ridgiity
cog wheel rigidity
Anakinesia and bradykinesia
slowness in iniatiation (anakinesia )and execution (bradykinesia) movement
Postural insability
late development
characteristic flexed posture- hip and knees
unable to access balance reaction
Tremour
uncontrollable shaking that affects a part of the body
General S&S
Difficulty with motor tasks lack of spontaneous movement and initiating movement slow shuffling gait freezing episodes monotone speech microgaphia problems with swallowing drooling sleep disorder depression
Pathophysiology
Substantia Nigra plays key role in balancingsinhibitory and exhibitory neurotransmitters. through release of dopamine
a dopamine deficiency occurs in the basal ganglia the
reduction resulting in less facilitation of intended movement- deterioration to musle initatatton
Dopamine
facilitation of movement
ridgity and reduced movement
cognitive function
reward centre assaciated with addiction
Drug therapy
dopamine replacement
dopamine agonist
dopamic protectors
anticholinergics
side effects and increasing dosage required
Assessment
posture gait balance falls transfer bed monility muscle strength and power pain condition of feeet and footwear functional ability well-being quality of life
executing movement
primary motor cortex
executing and planing movement
premotor area-sensory guided movement
supplementary motor area-internally generated movmet
