nervous systen Flashcards
Peripheral
Nervous System
connection sensoryreceptor input and motor output to the
all nerves from brain and spinal cord to the the sensory receptors, muscles and glands
autonomic and somatic
Central nervous system
processing
integrative brain and spinal chord
Cranial Nerves
Olfactory I Optic II Oculomotor III Trochlear IV Trigeminal V Abducens VI Facial VII Auditory - Vestibulocochlear VIII Glossopharyngeal IX Vagus X Spinal Accessory XI Hypoglossal XII
Lower motor neurons
neurons with cell bodies in the spinal cord or brain stem whose axon directly innervate skeletal muscles
Upper motor neurons
neurons that transmit information from the brain to lower motor neurons and interneurons in the brain stem and spinal cord
UMN synapse with LMN Tto innervate skeletal muscle
Cerebrum
divided into two hemispheres by the longitudinal fissure
outer layer cerecal cortex of grey matter
white matte of association fibre, commissural fibers(corpus callosum )and projection fibres
Basal Ganglia
central gray matter important in planning control and coordination of complex movement cohesive functional unit eye movement motivation decision making complex movement
base of the forebrain
planning learning and sequencing movement
Frontal Lobe
thick band of nerve fibers
divides the cerebral cortex lobes into left and right hemispheres.
connects the left and right sides of the brain
allowing for communication between both hemispheres
pre motor area
primary motor area
broca’s area
Pre motor cortex
Initiation and planning of mvt
Damage = apraxia
Primary Motor Area
initiates & controls voluntary movement
damage = paralysis at contralateral side of body
Broca’s area
translation of thought to speech
sends impulses to motor cortex
located in left hemisphere of most individuals
damgee =expressive dysphasia
Parietal lobe
interpretation of somatic sensation:
- shape
- pressure
- texture
- body awareness
- spacial awareness
Temporal lobe
interpretation of sound
memory
contain primary auditory area
wernickes area
Primary auditory area
interprets basic characteristics of sound eg pitch & rhythm
Wernickes area
determines if a sound is speech, music or noise
interprets meaning of speech by translating words into thoughts
Occipital lobe
visual input intensity of light shape movement colour
relates past visual experiences with recognition & evaluation
Brainstem
sensory and motor pathways and nuclei of cranial nerves
medulla -control centre
pons-relay station
midbrain- intergrates sensory information with motor output connecting forebrain to hindbrain to make fine adjustments to movement
Diencephalon
thalumus and hypothalamus
Thalamus
principal relay station for sensory input
interprets some crude sensations
organises cerebral function by transmitting impulse to and from appropriate areas in the cerebrum
Hypothalumus
Regulates homeostasis through influence on autonomic system & pituitary gland
regulates: temperature appetite BP BR sleep pituitary gland secreation
Limbic system
amydalga- controlling emotional response
hippocampus formation of memories
cingulate gyrus-cordinates smells and sights with pleasant memories, induces an emotional reaction to pain, and helps regulate aggressive behavior.
Cerebullum
produce smooth, coordinated movement and balance through perceptive input from the sensory system and interacts with motor cortex receiving information about movement
controls posture
maintains equilibrium
coordination movement on its own side
Gyri
a ridge or fold ion the cerebrum
Fissure
longditidinal fissure dived the left hemisphere and the right hemnisphere of the brain
Sulcus
depression or groove in the cerebral cortex surronding a Gyri
Gray
in the living brain, contains the cell bodies, dendrites and axon terminals of neurons, so it is where all synapses are.
White
White matter is made of axons connecting different parts of grey matter to each other.
Spinal nerce
Sensory afferent
motor efferent
corpus callosum
thick band of nerve fibers
divides the cerebral cortex lobes into left and right hemispheres.
connects the left and right sides of the brain
allowing for communication between both hemispheres
