Respiratory System Flashcards
What is hemoglobin?
Globular protein found in RBC’s. Contains 4 heme groups which have an affinity for O2.
What two components are monitored by the respiratory center in the blood?
CO2 and H+
These components indicate the acidity of the blood, influencing respiratory rate.
What happens to breathing when CO2 or H+ levels increase?
Breathing increases
This is a physiological response to restore homeostasis.
What type of cells monitor blood O2 levels?
Chemoreceptor cells
These cells are specifically located in the carotid and aorta.
Where are the chemoreceptor cells located that monitor blood O2 levels?
Carotid and aorta
These locations are critical for detecting changes in O2 concentration.
What is signaled to the respiratory center when blood O2 levels decrease?
Breathing increases
This response helps to increase oxygen intake to the body.
Left lung right lung lobes?
Right lung: 3 lobes
Left lung: 2 lobes
Pleural membrane
Double membrane sac
Intrapleural fluid
Reduces friction on lungs
Bronchi
Carry air to and from lungs
Alveloi
When full of air from the bronchioles, stretch sensors fire and trigger inhalation
Larynx
Voice box
Glottis & epiglottis
Glottis: opening to larynx
Epiglottis: covers glottis so food doesn’t go down trachea
Alveoli structure
Surrounded by capillaries for O2 and CO2 exchange
One cell thick
Have macrophages inside to keep alveoli clean
Large number gives large surface area for gas exchange One cell
From larynx to trachea
Lined with cilia and mucous glands to help cleanse respiratory system
Bronchi/bronchioles has cilia or no cilia?
Bronchi has cilia, bronchioles no cilia
Emphysema
Is the gradual destruction of the alveoli (smoking)
Can humans create own oxygen through cellular respiration?
No
Lung volume/pressure when inhaling?
Increased volume, decreased pressure
During inhalation, is the internal intercostal muscles contracted?
Yes, they move the ribs up and out
Lung volume/pressure during exhalation?
Lung volume is decreased, lung pressure increased
During exhalation, are the intercostal muscles contracted?
No, they relax, so ribs move down and in
During exhalation, are the external intercostal muscles contracted?
No, relaxed
