DNA and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Structure of DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribose Sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base (ATCG)

Question 2

Purines

Answer 2

Adenosine + guanine
Double N-ring

Question 3

Pyrimidine

Answer 3

Cytosine + thymine
Single N-ring

Question 4

DNA composed of?

Answer 4

Two complimentary strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds

Question 5

Hierarchy of DNA

Answer 5

Nucleotide, DNA, Chromatin, Chromosomes, Genome

Question 6

Mitosis

Answer 6

One cell (mother) divides to produce 2 new cells (daughter cells)

Question 7

DNA replication

Answer 7

The copy of genetic information in a cell
Occurs in the nucleus during interphase

Question 8

Steps to replication

Answer 8

1. Unzips DNA strands
2. Complementary base pairing
3. Joining adjacent nucleotide
4. Proof reading

Question 9

% of different nucleotides

Answer 9

% C = % G
C + G then minus that value from 100 to find % of A & T

Question 10

Structure of RNA

Answer 10

Ribose sugar, phosphate, single stranded, AUCG

Question 11

mRNA

Answer 11

Carries transcribed message from nucleus to cytoplasm

Question 12

rRNA

Answer 12

Makes up the ribosomes

Question 13

tTRNA

Answer 13

Carries amino acids that will base pair with mRBA to make polypeptide

Question 14

2 steps of protein synthesis

Answer 14

1. Transcription
2. Translation

Question 15

Transcription

Answer 15

Begins at initiation site
Complementary RNA base pairs attach to form mRNA strand
Complementary mRNA detaches and leaves nucleus pore and goes to cytoplasm

Question 16

Translation

Answer 16

Initiator codon (AUG) turns on the process
Elongation=tRNA anti-codon matches with mRNA codon, keeps bringing amino acids to build a chain
Termination=when ribosomal unit reaches terminator codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) it stops