Carbs, Proteins, Lipids & Nucleic Acids

Question 1

Lipids (fats)

Answer 1

Large, insoluble molecules
2 building blocks (glycerol and fatty acids)

Question 2

Glycerol & fatty acid (which polymer)

Answer 2

Lipid (fat)

Question 3

Monosaccharide (glucose)
Which polymer?

Answer 3

Carbohydrate

Question 4

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

Answer 4

Many double bonds between carbons, structurally bent, liquid @ room temp, considered an oil

Question 5

Unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 5

At least 1 double bond between carbons, structurally bent, liquid @ room temp, considered an oil

Question 6

Substrate/enzyme/active site relationship?

Answer 6

Substrate is the thing binding to the enzyme, and where they join is the active site

Question 7

Enzymes

Answer 7

Proteins (and catalysts) help speed up reactions by lowering activation energy of metabolic reactions

Question 8

Catalyst

Answer 8

Substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed

Question 9

2 models of enzymatic action

Answer 9

Lock and key=active site is specific to the substance like a lock and key *passive

Induced fit=active site changes slightly to accommodate substrate *active

Question 10

Polypeptide

Answer 10

Chain of amino acids

Question 11

Steroids

Answer 11

4 fused rings of carbon with “functional groups” attached

Question 12

Factors affecting enzyme activity
5. Competitive inhibitors

Answer 12

A molecule that’s similar in shape of the substrate may bind to the enzyme and take the reaction

Question 13

Factors affecting enzyme activity
2. Temperature

Answer 13

With increased temp the reaction rate increases to a max point. If temp too high, enzyme will denature.

Question 14

Nucleotide (which polymer?)

Answer 14

Nucleic acid

Question 15

Amino acid (which polymer)

Answer 15

Protein

Question 16

Denaturation

Answer 16

Disruption of the 3D shape of a protein and a loss of function

Question 18

Monomer

Answer 18

Small organic molecule that exist individually

Question 19

Dehydration synthesis?

Answer 19

Covalently bonding monomers together by removing water

Question 20

Hydrolysis?

Answer 20

Using water to break apart

Question 21

Carbohydrate function

Answer 21

Energy for cells
Energy storage
Cell recognition role

Question 22

Two simple sugars?

Answer 22

Monosaccharide and disaccharide

Question 23

Example of monosaccharide

Answer 23

Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose/deoxyribose

Question 24

Example of complex carbohydrates

Answer 24

Polysaccharides like starch, glycogen, and cellulose

Question 25

Starch structure

Answer 25

Long glucose chains few or no branches

Question 26

Glycogen structure

Answer 26

More branching than starch

Question 27

Cellular structure

Answer 27

Unbranched, alternating position of oxygen atoms (up, down, up, down)

Question 28

Monomer of glycogen in animals?

Answer 28

Glucose

Question 29

Structure of lipids?

Answer 29

E shaped molecule made of a glycerol backbone in three fatty acids

Question 30

Phospholipid structure

Answer 30

One glycerol, one phosphate group and two fatty acids. Polar head (hydrophilic), 2 non-polar tails (hydrophobic)

Question 31

Is steroids, polar or nonpolar?

Answer 31

Non-polar

Question 32

Emulsification?

Answer 32

Breaks fat down into smaller pieces

Question 33

Protein functions

Answer 33

Enzymes speed up reactions, hormones are chemical messengers, antibodies give immunity

Question 34

Structure of protein?

Answer 34

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 35

Nucleic acids monomer?

Answer 35

Nucleotide

Question 36

Nucleotide structure

Answer 36

One phosphate, two pentose sugar, three nitrogen containing base

Question 37

Polymers of nucleic acids?

Answer 37

DNA, RNA, ATP

Question 38

ATP function?

Answer 38

Energy rich molecule Produced during cellular respiration in the mitochondria