Cells And Cellular Organelles Flashcards
Nucleus structure
Dark granule in center of cell
Surrounded by a double membrane called nuclear envelope
Nucleus function
Controls cell activities through protein synthesis
Stores DNA
Directs cell division
Where replication and transcription occurs
Nuclear envelope structure
Double membrane made of phospholipids which has nuclear pores
Nuclear envelope function
Protects chromatin from cytoplasm while still allowing substances to pass in/out of nucleus
Nucleolus structure
Small dark spot IN nucleus
Made up of RNA
No membrane
Nucleolus function
Makes RNA
Joins rRNA with proteins to form ribosomes
Chromatin structure
DNA & histones that ate immersed in nucleoplasm
Chromatin function
Package DNA
Chromosome structure
Long threadlike structures of chromatin
Chromosome function
Package DNA
Ribosome structure
Small structures made up of 2 subunits of rRNA joined with proteins to
No membrane
Ribosome function
Site of translation
Rough ER structure
Complicated system of membranous channels and sacs, continuous with nuclear membrane studded with ribosomes on cytoplasm side
Rough ER function
Synthesize, process, and modify proteins for cell membrane or to be secreted out of the cell
Smooth ER structure
Complicated system of membranous channels and sacs continuous with rough ER
Smooth ER function
Synthesize phospholipids for membranes
Golgi apparatus structure
Looks like a stack of pancakes
Surrounded by vesicles
Golgi apparatus function
Receives vesicles from ER and then collects, sorts, packages, and distributes them (eg. proteins, lipids) in cell
Vesicles structure
Tiny membrane sacks produced by Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum that store substances
Vesicle function
Transport within cell
2 types: transport vesicle (moves substance from ER to Golgi)
Secretory vesicle (moves substance from Golgi to cell membrane)
Lysosome structure (only in animal cells)
Vesicles produced by Golgi containing hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes
Lysosome function
Digest complex substances into simpler molecules within cell (recycling old cell parts)
Hydrolysis
Mitochondria structure
Small double membranous, rod shaped structures
Mitochondria function
Acts as the power plant of cell by carrying out cellular respiration to generate energy (ATP)
Vacuoles structure (storage containers)
Large membranous sacks, larger than vesicles
Vacuoles function
Long-term storage of substances in cells
Cytoplasm structure
Watery gel between cell membrane and nuclear envelope
Cytoplasm function
Support and suspend organelles
Provide water
Allows diffusion to occur in cells
Cytoskeleton structure
Highly organized net of protein components that extend from nucleus to cell membrane
Cytoskeleton function
Maintain cell shape and allow cell and organelles to move
Microfilaments structure
Actin filaments
Microfilaments function
Organelles move around the cytoplasm on these
Give structure and support to cell membrane
Microtubules structure
Largest fibre, cylinder shaped and made of tubulin (protein)
Microtubules function
Anchor for organelles and monorail for organelle movement
Used to make cilia nd centrioles
Plasma membrane structure (cell membrane)
Composed of a bilayer of phospholipids with proteins embedded in it
Plasma membrane function (cell membrane)
Separates its contents from nonliving environment
Regulates movement of substances in and out of cell
