Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CN 100 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

The process of supplying the body with oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide.

A

Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE STEPS IN RESPIRATION

A
  1. Pulmonary ventilation
  2. External (pulmonary) respiration
  3. Internal (tissue) respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The inflow of oxygen and the outflow of carbon dioxide. This
step is simply called breathing.

A

Pulmonary ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

steps that involves the alveoli and the capillaries of the pulmonary circulation. It involves the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries while carbon dioxide diffuses from the pulmonary capillaries
into the alveoli for excretion.

A

External (pulmonary) respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In this step the blood losses its oxygen by giving it off to the tissues in exchange of
carbon dioxide which is one of the byproduct of cellular metabolism. This process is also
known as cellular respiration.

A

Internal (tissue) respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The components of the upper respiratory system includes the nose, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi and lungs.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a specialized organ which serves as the entrance air into the
respiratory system

A

nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a muscular tube posterior to the nasal and oral cavities and anterior to the cervical vertebrae

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The pharynx may be divided into
three parts:

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The purpose of the _____ is to permit air to enter or leave the middle ears, allowing the eardrums to vibrate properly.

A

eustachian tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is often called the voice box, a name that indicates one of its
functions, which is speaking

A

larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The other function of the _____ is to be an air passageway between the pharynx and the trachea

A

larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The functional units of the lungs are the air sacs called ______

A

alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the ____

A

palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The tonsils are located in the _____

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The “guardian of the airways” that prevents food from entering the superior opening of
the larynx is the _____

A

Epiglotis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Each main (primary) bronchus enters the lung at the _____

A

Hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the smallest of the conducting passageways in the lungs.

A

Bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Passageway for both food and air; known
as the “throat”

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rigid, patent airway reinforced with Crings of hyaline cartilage

A

Trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Routes air and food into their proper
channels

A

Larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Protects the superior opening of the
larynx during swallowing

A

Epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Serous membranes surrounding the
lungs

A

Pleeura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Part of the respiratory zone, these air
sacs are the sites of gas exchange

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The term for the movement of air to and from the alveoli

A

Ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The two
aspects of ventilation are ______ and ______, which are brought about by the nervous
system and the respiratory muscles.

A

Inhalation and exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

it is the medulla that
generates impulses to the respiratory muscles.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

is a dome-shaped muscle below the lungs; when it contracts, it flattens and moves downward.

A

diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

With respect to breathing, three types of pressure are

A
  1. Atmospheric pressure
  2. Intrapleural pressure
  3. Intrapulmonic pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The pressure of the air around us

A

Atmospheric pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

the pressure within the potential pleural space between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura

A

Intrapleural pressure

32
Q

The pressure within the bronchial tree and alveoli. This
pressure fluctuates below and above atmospheric pressure during each cycle of
breathing.

A

Intrapulmonic pressure

33
Q

______, also called inspiration.
______ may also be called expiration

A

Inhalation
Exhalation

34
Q

At sea level, atmospheric
pressure is _____mmHg.

A

760 mmHg.

35
Q

Intrapleural pressure is always slightly below atmospheric pressure (about _____ mmHg) and is called a negative pressure.

A

756 mmHg

36
Q

The _____ pull the ribs upward and outward.

A

external intercostal

37
Q

_____ pull the ribs downward and inward.

A

Internal intercostal muscles

38
Q

Ventilation is the result of the respiratory muscles producing changes in the pressure within the alveoli and bronchial tree.

A
39
Q

Normal, quiet breathing which moves approximately 500 mL of air per breath

A

Tidal volume

40
Q

Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal tidal expiration

A

expiratory reserve volume

41
Q

Amount of air that can be inhaled forcibly over the tidal volume

A

inspiratory reserve volume

42
Q

Total amount of exchangeable air

A

vital capacity

43
Q

Air that remains in the lungs even after the most strenuous expiration

A

residual volume

44
Q

Sum total of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume

A

total lung capacity

45
Q

MRV is calculated by multiplying tidal volume by the number of respirations per
minute (average range: 12 to 20 per minute).

A
46
Q

two sites of exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide:

A

the lungs and the tissues of the body.

47
Q

The exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries is called _____

A

external respiration

48
Q

the exchange of gases between the blood in the systemic capillaries and the tissue fluid (cells) of the body

A

Internal respiration

49
Q

The air we INHALE (the earth’s atmosphere) is approximately 21% oxygen and 0.04%
carbon dioxide.

A
50
Q

The exhaled air also contains about
16% oxygen and 4.5% carbon dioxide

A
51
Q

The concentration of each gas in a particular site (alveolar air,
pulmonary blood, and so on) is expressed in a value called _____

A

partial pressure

52
Q

Another measure of blood oxygen is the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SaO2). The higher the PO2, the higher the SaO2, and as PO2 decreases, so does SaO2, though
not as rapidly.

A
53
Q

To maintain an ionic
equilibrium, chloride ions (Cl–) from the plasma enter the red blood cells; this is called the _____

A

chloride shift

54
Q

two major types of chambers:

A

monoplane and multiple

55
Q

Two types of mechanisms regulate breathing:

A

nervous mechanisms and chemical mechanisms.

56
Q

prolongs inhalation

A

apneustic centre

57
Q

refers to the effect on breathing of blood pH and blood levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A

Chemical regulation

58
Q

decrease in the blood level of oxygen

A

(hypoxia)

59
Q

excess CO2 makes the blood or other body fluids less alkaline (or
more acidic).

A
60
Q

the major regulator of respiration

A

Carbon dioxide

61
Q

As carbon dioxide levels increases, the pH of the blood __________ (becomes more acidic).

A

decreases

62
Q

The respiratory centers in the brain stimulate the inspiratory muscles to __________and ___________ the breathing rate.

A

increase and regulate

63
Q

_____________ is breathing that is deeper and more
rapid than normal breathing and removes more carbon dioxide from the blood.

A

hyperventilation

64
Q

If carbon dioxide levels are too low, the blood pH __________ (becomes more
alkaline).

A

increases

65
Q

The breathing rate slows (called ______________) to retain more carbonic acid and
__________ the blood pH.

A

Hypoventilation

66
Q

The motor cortex within the cerebral cortex of the brain controls voluntary
respiration (the ascending respiratory pathway).

A
67
Q

The major nerves
involved in respiration.
1. Phrenic nerves: These control the diaphragm, which is the main muscle for inhaling.
2. Vagus nerves: These help manage automatic functions, including involuntary breathing.
3. Posterior thoracic nerves: These assist with the muscles involved in breathing.

A
68
Q

An increase in carbon dioxide concentration leads to a decrease in the pH of blood due to the production of H+ ions from carbonic acid.

A
69
Q

______causes alakalosis, which causes a feedback response of decreased
ventilation (to increase carbon dioxide)

A

HYPERVENTILATION

70
Q

_____ causes acidosis, which
causes a feedback response of increased ventilation (to remove carbon dioxide).

A

hypoventilation

71
Q

Vomiting causes alkalosis and diarrhea causes acidosis

A
72
Q

_____ is initiated by stimulation of stretch receptors (This reflex helps control breathing by stopping inhalation when the lungs are stretched too much and starting exhalation instead. It protects against taking in too much air).

A

Breuer inflation reflex

73
Q

is initiated by stimulation
of the compression receptors (called proprioceptors) or deactivation of
 stretch receptors when the lungs deflate.

A

deflation reflex

74
Q

An increase in pulmonary stretch receptor activity leads to an elevation of heart rate (_____ )

A

tachycardia

75
Q

A cyclical, elevated heart rate from inspiration is called _____ and is a normal response in youth. (A normal increase and decrease in heart rate during breathing).

A

sinus arrhythmia

76
Q
A

CN 100 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions