Blood

Question 1

Three general functions of blood

Answer 1

• transportation, regulation, protection

Question 2

What is the temperature of blood?

Answer 2

• 38°C (100.4F)

Question 3

Slightly alkaline pH of blood ranging from

Answer 3

• 7.35 to 7.45.

Question 4

When saturated with oxygen, it is?

Answer 4

• bright red.

Question 5

When unsaturated with oxygen, it is?

Answer 5

• dark red

Question 6

The blood volume is_____ in an average sized adult male and _____ in an average-sized adult female.

Answer 6

• 5 to 6 liters (1.5 gal), 4 to 5 liters (1.2 gal)

Question 7

Two components of whole blood

Answer 7

• blood plasma and formed elements

Question 8

Blood is about ____ formed elements and _____ blood plasma

Answer 8

• 45%, 55%

Question 9

What blood plasma primary composed of?

Answer 9

• 91.5% water, 8.5% solute, plasma proteins 7%

Question 10

The formed elements of the blood include three principal components

Answer 10

• red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 11

It transport oxygen from the lungs to body cells and deliver carbon dioxide from body cells to the lungs.

Answer 11

• red blood cells

Question 12

It protect the body from invading pathogens and other foreign substances.

Answer 12

• white blood cells

Question 13

several types of WBCs

Answer 13

• neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.

Question 14

Lymphocytes are further subdivided into

Answer 14

• B lymphocytes (B cells), T lymphocytes (T cells), and natural killer (NK) cells

Question 15

the functional equivalent of thrombocytes, nucleated cells found in lower vertebrates that prevent blood loss by clotting blood.

Answer 15

• platelets

Question 16

The process by which the formed elements of blood develop is called

Answer 16

• hemopoiesis

Question 17

primary site of hemopoiesis in the last 3 months before birth, and continues as the source of blood cells after birth and throughout life

Answer 17

• red bone marrow

Question 18

These cells have the capacity to develop into many different types of cells

Answer 18

• hemocytoblasts

Question 19

contain the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin, which is a pigment that gives whole blood its red color.

Answer 19

• red blood cells

Question 20

improves blood flow and enhances oxygen delivery to cells near the site of NO release

Answer 20

• Vasodilation

Question 21

The production of red blood cell is known as

Answer 21

• erythropoiesis

Question 22

Life span of red blood cells

Answer 22

• 120 days

Question 23

A hemoglobin molecule consists of a protein called

Answer 23

Globin

Question 24

Green pigment

Answer 24

Biliverdin

Question 25

Yellow-orange pigment

Answer 25

Bilirubin

Question 26

brown pigment called ____, which gives feces its characteristic color.

Answer 26

Stercobilin

Question 27

Granular leukocytes include

Answer 27

- neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Question 28

agranular leukocytes include

Answer 28

- lymphocytes and monocytes.

Question 29

they stain red-orange with acidic dyes

Answer 29

Eosinophil

Question 30

they stain bluepurple with basic dyes

Answer 30

- basophil

Question 31

a sequence of responses that stops bleeding.

Answer 31

- hemostasis

Question 32

Three mechanisms reduce blood loss

Answer 32

- (1) vascular spasm, (2) platelet plug formation, and (3) blood clotting (coagulation).

Question 33

process of gel formation, called_____, is a series of chemical reactions that culminates in formation of fibrin threads

Answer 33

- clotting

Question 34

A remarkable characteristic of the blood is its ability to remain fluid in the blood vessels.

Answer 34

- normal anticoagulants

Question 35

the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot.

Answer 35

- clot retraction

Question 36

inhibits the formation and action of thrombin

Answer 36

Heparin

Question 37

a substance that neutralizes thrombin.

Answer 37

- anti-thrombin

Question 38

It converts prothrombin into thrombin.

Answer 38

Thromboplastin

Question 39

The pathway where the thrombin converts fibrinogen into loose fibrin threads.

Answer 39

Extrinsic pathway

Question 40

The process whereby platelets contact and stick to parts of a damaged blood vessel.

Answer 40

Platelet aggregation

Question 41

A plasma protein involved in blood clotting is

Answer 41

fibrin (and fibrinogen)

Question 42

Help maintain osmotic pressure, an important factobin the exchange of fluids across blood capillary walls.

Answer 42

Albumins

Question 43

help attack viruses and bacteria.

Answer 43

Glubulins

Question 44

Plays essential role in blood clotting.

Answer 44

Fibrinogen

Question 45

Cellular oxygen deficiency, called _____, may occur if too little oxygen enters the blood

Answer 45

hypoxia

Question 46

platelets contact and stick to parts of a damaged blood vessel, such as collagen fibers of the connective tissue underlying the damaged endothelial cells.

Answer 46

Platelet adhesion