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CN 100 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Three general functions of blood

A
  • transportation, regulation, protection
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2
Q

What is the temperature of blood?

A
  • 38°C (100.4F)
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3
Q

Slightly alkaline pH of blood ranging from

A
  • 7.35 to 7.45.
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4
Q

When saturated with oxygen, it is?

A
  • bright red.
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5
Q

When unsaturated with oxygen, it is?

A
  • dark red
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6
Q

The blood volume is_____ in an average sized adult male and _____ in an average-sized adult female.

A
  • 5 to 6 liters (1.5 gal), 4 to 5 liters (1.2 gal)
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7
Q

Two components of whole blood

A
  • blood plasma and formed elements
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8
Q

Blood is about ____ formed elements and _____ blood plasma

A
  • 45%, 55%
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9
Q

What blood plasma primary composed of?

A
  • 91.5% water, 8.5% solute, plasma proteins 7%
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10
Q

The formed elements of the blood include three principal components

A
  • red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
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11
Q

It transport oxygen from the lungs to body cells and deliver carbon dioxide from body cells to the lungs.

A
  • red blood cells
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12
Q

It protect the body from invading pathogens and other foreign substances.

A
  • white blood cells
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13
Q

several types of WBCs

A
  • neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.
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14
Q

Lymphocytes are further subdivided into

A
  • B lymphocytes (B cells), T lymphocytes (T cells), and natural killer (NK) cells
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15
Q

the functional equivalent of thrombocytes, nucleated cells found in lower vertebrates that prevent blood loss by clotting blood.

A
  • platelets
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16
Q

The process by which the formed elements of blood develop is called

A
  • hemopoiesis
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17
Q

primary site of hemopoiesis in the last 3 months before birth, and continues as the source of blood cells after birth and throughout life

A
  • red bone marrow
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18
Q

These cells have the capacity to develop into many different types of cells

A
  • hemocytoblasts
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19
Q

contain the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin, which is a pigment that gives whole blood its red color.

A
  • red blood cells
20
Q

improves blood flow and enhances oxygen delivery to cells near the site of NO release

A
  • Vasodilation
21
Q

The production of red blood cell is known as

A
  • erythropoiesis
22
Q

Life span of red blood cells

A
  • 120 days
23
Q

A hemoglobin molecule consists of a protein called

A

Globin

24
Q

Green pigment

A

Biliverdin

25
Q

Yellow-orange pigment

A

Bilirubin

26
Q

brown pigment called ____, which gives feces its characteristic color.

A

Stercobilin

27
Q

Granular leukocytes include

A
  • neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
28
Q

agranular leukocytes include

A
  • lymphocytes and monocytes.
29
Q

they stain red-orange with acidic dyes

A

Eosinophil

30
Q

they stain bluepurple with basic dyes

A
  • basophil
31
Q

a sequence of responses that stops bleeding.

A
  • hemostasis
32
Q

Three mechanisms reduce blood loss

A
  • (1) vascular spasm, (2) platelet plug formation, and (3) blood clotting (coagulation).
33
Q

process of gel formation, called_____, is a series of chemical reactions that culminates in formation of fibrin threads

A
  • clotting
34
Q

A remarkable characteristic of the blood is its ability to remain fluid in the blood vessels.

A
  • normal anticoagulants
35
Q

the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot.

A
  • clot retraction
36
Q

inhibits the formation and action of thrombin

A

Heparin

37
Q

a substance that neutralizes thrombin.

A
  • anti-thrombin
38
Q

It converts prothrombin into thrombin.

A

Thromboplastin

39
Q

The pathway where the thrombin converts fibrinogen into loose fibrin threads.

A

Extrinsic pathway

40
Q

The process whereby platelets contact and stick to parts of a damaged blood vessel.

A

Platelet aggregation

41
Q

A plasma protein involved in blood clotting is

A

fibrin (and fibrinogen)

42
Q

Help maintain osmotic pressure, an important factobin the exchange of fluids across blood capillary walls.

A

Albumins

43
Q

help attack viruses and bacteria.

A

Glubulins

44
Q

Plays essential role in blood clotting.

A

Fibrinogen

45
Q

Cellular oxygen deficiency, called _____, may occur if too little oxygen enters the blood

A

hypoxia

46
Q

platelets contact and stick to parts of a damaged blood vessel, such as collagen fibers of the connective tissue underlying the damaged endothelial cells.

A

Platelet adhesion

CN 100 (8 decks)

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