Respiratory System Flashcards
Pharynx is divided into how many regions? Name it?
3
Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)
Laryngeal opening is called? And what is the cartilagenous tissue called?
Glottis and epiglottis
How do the trachea divide?
Trachea
Primary bronchus
Secondary bronchus
Tertiary bronchus
Bronchiole
Terminal bronchiole into alveoli too
Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolar duct
Respiratory membrane
Alveoli and capillaries
Inspiratory muscles
Diaphragm and external intercostal muscle
Tidal volume?
Total volume of air while inhaling or exhaling
Inspiratory reserve volume
Additional volume of air after forceful inhalation
Expiratory reserve volume
Additional volume of air after forceful exhalation
Residual volume
Volume of air left after forceful exhalation
Anatomic dead space
The air that does not undergo respiratory exchange.
Function residual capacity
The volume of air left after exhalation
Name the all types of hemoglobin
Embryonic - Gower 1
Fetus - HbF
Adult - HbA1, HbA2
Bohr Effect
When the pH is low, so the affinity of O2 towards hemoglobin decreases and CO2 affinity increases.
Haldane Effect
When the oxygen has higher conc. it binds to hemoglobin leading to the disassociation of CO2 from hemoglobin
Where does CO2 is found most in? Blood, plasma or hemoglobin?
Blood in the form of bicarbonate ions
Inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase
Acetazolamide
Chloride shift
Exchange of negative ions in RBC and blood. Cl- and CO2 (HCO3)
What does respiratory Center consists of
Medullary rhythmicity centre and pons respiratory centre
Medullary respiratory centres consist of
Dorsal respiratory group
Ventral respiratory group
What kind of neurons does dorsal and ventral respiratory group consist
Dorsal consist of inspiratory and ventral consist of inspiratory and expiratory group
What does pons respiratory centre consist of
Pneumotaxic and apneustic centre
Name the disorders of respiratory system
COPD
Asthma
Emphysema
Bronchitis
Tuberculosis
Pneumonia
