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Animal Science > Excretory System > Flashcards

Excretory System Flashcards

1
Q

Difference in excretion and egestion?

A

Excretion occurs in both plants and animals
Egestion occurs only in animals. It’s the elimination of metabolic waste.

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2
Q

Function of kidneys

A

Maintaining osmotic and electrolytic balance
Regulation of pH
Regulation of BP
Production of renin and erythropoietin and calcitriol
Regulation of blood glucose
Excretion of metabolic waste such as urea, uric acid and creatinine

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3
Q

What is the notch in the kidney called?

A

Hilum

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4
Q

Renal capsule?

A

Thin but tough and transparent sheet of sense irregular connective tissue that covers the kidney

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5
Q

Name the two distinct regions of kidney

A

Renal cortex and medulla

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6
Q

What is the name of the cone shaped region in the medulla?

A

Renal pyramids

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7
Q

Renal column

A

The portion of renal cortex that extends between the renal pyramid

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8
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Funnel shaped space

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9
Q

Calyces

A

Renal pelvis has projections called calyces

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10
Q

Glomerulus

A

Afferent artery divides into a tangled, ball shaped capillary network

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11
Q

Nephrons have two parts.

A

Renal corpuscle and renal tubule

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12
Q

Name the two components of the renal corpuscle.

A

Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

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13
Q

What happens when blood reaches the glomerulus?

A

Water and small solutes like glucose, amino acids, nitrogenous waste, and ions.

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14
Q

What is the glomerular filtration rate?

A

The amount of filtrate formed in all the renal corpuscle of both kidneys per minute

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15
Q

What does renal tubule consist of?

A

Proximal tubule, loop of henle and distal tubule

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16
Q

Proximal tubule is divided into?

A

Proximal convulated tubule and proximal straight tubule

17
Q

Loop of henle consist of?

A

Thin descending segment, thin ascending segment and thick ascending segment

18
Q

Cortical nephrons

A

Renal corpuscle in the outer cortex and loop of henle in the outer medulla that is very little part too.

19
Q

Juxtamedullary nephron

A

Renal corpuscle in deep renal cortex and loop of henle in deep medulla

20
Q

What is transport maximum?

A

Maximum amount of a substance that can be reabsorbed per unit time. If the value exceeds then it goes in urine.

21
Q

Which solute does not follow transport maximum? And who controls it?

A

Sodium and is controlled by aldosterone

22
Q

What part of nephron is responsible for most reabsorption?

A

Proximal convulated tubule

23
Q

Name the two types of rebsorption routes?

A

Paracellular reabsorption and transcellular reabsorption

24
Q

What gets re absorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, potassium, amino acid and glucose

25
Q

What is obligatory water reabsorption and where does it take place?

A

Obligatory water reabsorption is when the water gets reabsorbed due to concentration gradient. It occurs in the proximal convulated tubule.

26
Q

What does proximal tubule secrete?

A

Bile salts, oxalate, urate and cotecholamines

27
Q

What does a thin descending segment reabsorb?

A

Water and some amount of solutes

28
Q

Which part of nephron is impermeable to water ?

A

Thin and thick ascending segment and early distal convoluted tubule

29
Q

Which one has more reabsorptive capacity, thin or thick ascending segment?

A

Thick ascending segment

30
Q

What does thick ascending segment reabsorb?

A

Sodium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate, magnesium and potassium

31
Q

Name the two cells of late distal convulated tubule.

A

Principal and intercalated cells

32
Q

What does principal cells reabsorb and secrete?

A

Sodium and secrete potassium

33
Q

What does intercalated cells reabsorb and secrete?

A

Reabsorb potassium and secrete hydrogen ions

34
Q

What controls late distal convulated tubule and cortical collecting ducts?

A

ADH

35
Q

What does medullary collecting ducts reabsorb?

A

Water and urea

36
Q

Function of angiotensin 2

A

Decreases glomerular filtration rate
Enhances reabsorption of sodium, chloride and water
Stimulates aldosterone

37
Q

Function of ADH

A

Increases the reabsorption of water

38
Q

Function of atrial natriuretic factor

A

Vasodilation
Inhibit water and sodium reabsorption

Animal Science (9 decks)

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