Digestive System

Question 1

Name the associated glands.

Answer 1

Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

Question 2

What are the several muscle rings in the alimentary canal called?

Answer 2

Sphincter

Question 3

Name the four layers of gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 3

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria and serosa

Question 4

Major function of mucosa

Answer 4

Absorptive and secretion

Question 5

Mucosa is composed of

Answer 5

Epithelium layer
Loose connective tissue known as lamina propria
Smooth muscle known as muscularis mucosa

Question 6

Submucosa consist

Answer 6

Nerve network called submucosal plexus or Meissners plexus

Question 7

Muscularis propria is composed of which type of muscle? The two layers it is divided into?

Answer 7

Smooth muscle.
Inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

Question 8

The nerve network between the muscles of muscularis propria called?

Answer 8

Myenteric plexus (Auerbach’s plexus)

Question 9

Function of serosa

Answer 9

Secretes lubricating fluid

Question 10

Type of dentition

Answer 10

Diphyodont

Question 11

Type of attachment of teeth

Answer 11

Thecodont

Question 12

What gland does tongue have and what does it secrete?

Answer 12

Serous lingual gland and it secretes lingual lipase

Question 13

Where does the lingual lipase get activated?

Answer 13

In the acidic environment

Question 14

Name the mucous secreting gland in the esophagus of the mucosa and submucosa.

Answer 14

Mucosa : esophageal cardiac gland
Submucosa: esophageal gland proper

Question 15

Name the five parts of the stomach.

Answer 15

Cardiac
Fundus
Body (Corpus)
Antrum
Pylorus

Question 16

Name the two sphincters present in the stomach.

Answer 16

Lower esophageal sphincter and pylorus sphincter

Question 17

Name the mucous secreting cells in the mucosa of stomach.

Answer 17

Surface mucous cells, mucous neck cells and gastric glands.

Question 18

What are chief cells also called?

Answer 18

Zymogen or peptic cells

Question 19

What are the functions of the chief cells?

Answer 19

Secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase

Question 20

What are parietal cells also called?

Answer 20

Oxyntic cells

Question 21

Function of parietal cells.

Answer 21

Secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

Question 22

G cells function?

Answer 22

Secretes gastrin that stimulates the secretion of HCl and pepsinogen

Question 23

D cells function?

Answer 23

Secretes somatostatin that inhibit gastric secretion, and increases gall bladder contraction

Question 24

Phases of gastric secretion?

Answer 24

Cephalic phase
Gastric phase
Intestinal phase

Question 25

Three parts of small intestine?

Answer 25

Duodenum, jejunum and ileum

Question 26

Ducts from the liver and pancreas called?

Answer 26

Hepato-pancreatic duct

Question 27

Longest region of the small intestine?

Answer 27

Ileum

Question 28

Name the absorptive and mucous secreting cells of the epithelial layer of the small intestine?

Answer 28

Enterocytes and goblet cells

Question 29

What is the name of the infoldings present between the villi?

Answer 29

Crypts of Leiberkuhn

Question 30

Name of the gland present in the submucosa of the small intestine that produces alkaline mucous?

Answer 30

Brunner's Gland

Question 31

What are brush border enzymes?

Answer 31

The enzymes that are plasma membrane bound.

Question 32

Function of secretin?

Answer 32

Secretion of bicarbonate by the duct of pancreas.

Question 33

Function of cholecystokinin?

Answer 33

Stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and contraction of gall bladder and relaxation of sphincter of oddi

Question 34

Function of large intestine?

Answer 34

Absorption of salts, water and vitamins

Question 35

Three parts of the large intestine?

Answer 35

Cecum, colon and rectum

Question 36

Three pairs of gland present in the salivary gland?

Answer 36

Parotid gland Sublingual gland Submandibular gland

Question 37

What gets digested in the tongue?

Answer 37

Carbohydrates

Question 38

Largest gland of the body?

Answer 38

Liver

Question 39

Functional unit of the liver?

Answer 39

Hepatic lobules

Question 40

Thin connective tissue of liver?

Answer 40

Glisson's capsule

Question 41

Function of liver?

Answer 41

Detoxify blood Stores iron and fat soluble vitamins Stores glucose as glycogen and maintains the level of glucose Produces bile juice Stores cholesterol Produces plasma proteins such as albumin and fibrinogen Play phagocytic role with the help of Kupffer cells

Question 42

When no meal is being consumed then the bile juice is stopped reaching intestine by?

Answer 42

Sphincter of oddi

Question 43

Bile juice contains?

Answer 43

Bile acids, bile pigments, phosphotidylcholine and cholesterol

Question 44

Eg. Of bile acids.

Answer 44

Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid

Question 45

Eg. Of bile pigments?

Answer 45

Bilirubin and biliverdin

Question 46

Who gives colour to feces and urea?

Answer 46

Bilirubin

Question 47

What causes gall stones?

Answer 47

When the level of cholesterol increases or low level of lucethin or bile salts, then cholesterol crystallises into gall stones

Question 48

What does gall stones causes?

Answer 48

Obstructive jaundice

Question 49

What cells of pancreas secrete pancreatic enzymes?

Answer 49

Acinar cells

Question 50

What cells of pancreas secrete aqueous alkaline solution?

Answer 50

Duct cells

Question 51

Name the three major enzymes of proteolytic enzyme.

Answer 51

Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase

Question 52

What does pancreatic amylase do?

Answer 52

Carbohydrates digestion

Question 53

What does pancreatic lipase do?

Answer 53

Digest fats

Question 54

Pancreatic nuclease function?

Answer 54

Digest DNA and RNA

Question 55

What enzyme digest carbohydrates in the salivary amylase?

Answer 55

Ptyalin

Question 56

What activates the trypsinogen?

Answer 56

Enterokinase