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Animal Science > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the associated glands.

A

Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

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2
Q

What are the several muscle rings in the alimentary canal called?

A

Sphincter

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3
Q

Name the four layers of gastrointestinal tract.

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria and serosa

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4
Q

Major function of mucosa

A

Absorptive and secretion

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5
Q

Mucosa is composed of

A

Epithelium layer
Loose connective tissue known as lamina propria
Smooth muscle known as muscularis mucosa

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6
Q

Submucosa consist

A

Nerve network called submucosal plexus or Meissners plexus

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7
Q

Muscularis propria is composed of which type of muscle? The two layers it is divided into?

A

Smooth muscle.
Inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

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8
Q

The nerve network between the muscles of muscularis propria called?

A

Myenteric plexus (Auerbach’s plexus)

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9
Q

Function of serosa

A

Secretes lubricating fluid

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10
Q

Type of dentition

A

Diphyodont

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11
Q

Type of attachment of teeth

A

Thecodont

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12
Q

What gland does tongue have and what does it secrete?

A

Serous lingual gland and it secretes lingual lipase

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13
Q

Where does the lingual lipase get activated?

A

In the acidic environment

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14
Q

Name the mucous secreting gland in the esophagus of the mucosa and submucosa.

A

Mucosa : esophageal cardiac gland
Submucosa: esophageal gland proper

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15
Q

Name the five parts of the stomach.

A

Cardiac
Fundus
Body (Corpus)
Antrum
Pylorus

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16
Q

Name the two sphincters present in the stomach.

A

Lower esophageal sphincter and pylorus sphincter

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17
Q

Name the mucous secreting cells in the mucosa of stomach.

A

Surface mucous cells, mucous neck cells and gastric glands.

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18
Q

What are chief cells also called?

A

Zymogen or peptic cells

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19
Q

What are the functions of the chief cells?

A

Secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase

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20
Q

What are parietal cells also called?

A

Oxyntic cells

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21
Q

Function of parietal cells.

A

Secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

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22
Q

G cells function?

A

Secretes gastrin that stimulates the secretion of HCl and pepsinogen

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23
Q

D cells function?

A

Secretes somatostatin that inhibit gastric secretion, and increases gall bladder contraction

24
Q

Phases of gastric secretion?

A

Cephalic phase
Gastric phase
Intestinal phase

25
Q

Three parts of small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum and ileum

26
Q

Ducts from the liver and pancreas called?

A

Hepato-pancreatic duct

27
Q

Longest region of the small intestine?

A

Ileum

28
Q

Name the absorptive and mucous secreting cells of the epithelial layer of the small intestine?

A

Enterocytes and goblet cells

29
Q

What is the name of the infoldings present between the villi?

A

Crypts of Leiberkuhn

30
Q

Name of the gland present in the submucosa of the small intestine that produces alkaline mucous?

A

Brunner’s Gland

31
Q

What are brush border enzymes?

A

The enzymes that are plasma membrane bound.

32
Q

Function of secretin?

A

Secretion of bicarbonate by the duct of pancreas.

33
Q

Function of cholecystokinin?

A

Stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and contraction of gall bladder and relaxation of sphincter of oddi

34
Q

Function of large intestine?

A

Absorption of salts, water and vitamins

35
Q

Three parts of the large intestine?

A

Cecum, colon and rectum

36
Q

Three pairs of gland present in the salivary gland?

A

Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Submandibular gland

37
Q

What gets digested in the tongue?

A

Carbohydrates

38
Q

Largest gland of the body?

A

Liver

39
Q

Functional unit of the liver?

A

Hepatic lobules

40
Q

Thin connective tissue of liver?

A

Glisson’s capsule

41
Q

Function of liver?

A

Detoxify blood
Stores iron and fat soluble vitamins
Stores glucose as glycogen and maintains the level of glucose
Produces bile juice
Stores cholesterol
Produces plasma proteins such as albumin and fibrinogen
Play phagocytic role with the help of Kupffer cells

42
Q

When no meal is being consumed then the bile juice is stopped reaching intestine by?

A

Sphincter of oddi

43
Q

Bile juice contains?

A

Bile acids, bile pigments, phosphotidylcholine and cholesterol

44
Q

Eg. Of bile acids.

A

Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid

45
Q

Eg. Of bile pigments?

A

Bilirubin and biliverdin

46
Q

Who gives colour to feces and urea?

A

Bilirubin

47
Q

What causes gall stones?

A

When the level of cholesterol increases or low level of lucethin or bile salts, then cholesterol crystallises into gall stones

48
Q

What does gall stones causes?

A

Obstructive jaundice

49
Q

What cells of pancreas secrete pancreatic enzymes?

A

Acinar cells

50
Q

What cells of pancreas secrete aqueous alkaline solution?

A

Duct cells

51
Q

Name the three major enzymes of proteolytic enzyme.

A

Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase

52
Q

What does pancreatic amylase do?

A

Carbohydrates digestion

53
Q

What does pancreatic lipase do?

A

Digest fats

54
Q

Pancreatic nuclease function?

A

Digest DNA and RNA

55
Q

What enzyme digest carbohydrates in the salivary amylase?

A

Ptyalin

56
Q

What activates the trypsinogen?

A

Enterokinase

Animal Science (9 decks)

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