Digestive System Flashcards
Name the associated glands.
Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
What are the several muscle rings in the alimentary canal called?
Sphincter
Name the four layers of gastrointestinal tract.
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria and serosa
Major function of mucosa
Absorptive and secretion
Mucosa is composed of
Epithelium layer
Loose connective tissue known as lamina propria
Smooth muscle known as muscularis mucosa
Submucosa consist
Nerve network called submucosal plexus or Meissners plexus
Muscularis propria is composed of which type of muscle? The two layers it is divided into?
Smooth muscle.
Inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer
The nerve network between the muscles of muscularis propria called?
Myenteric plexus (Auerbach’s plexus)
Function of serosa
Secretes lubricating fluid
Type of dentition
Diphyodont
Type of attachment of teeth
Thecodont
What gland does tongue have and what does it secrete?
Serous lingual gland and it secretes lingual lipase
Where does the lingual lipase get activated?
In the acidic environment
Name the mucous secreting gland in the esophagus of the mucosa and submucosa.
Mucosa : esophageal cardiac gland
Submucosa: esophageal gland proper
Name the five parts of the stomach.
Cardiac
Fundus
Body (Corpus)
Antrum
Pylorus
Name the two sphincters present in the stomach.
Lower esophageal sphincter and pylorus sphincter
Name the mucous secreting cells in the mucosa of stomach.
Surface mucous cells, mucous neck cells and gastric glands.
What are chief cells also called?
Zymogen or peptic cells
What are the functions of the chief cells?
Secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase
What are parietal cells also called?
Oxyntic cells
Function of parietal cells.
Secrete HCl and intrinsic factor
G cells function?
Secretes gastrin that stimulates the secretion of HCl and pepsinogen
D cells function?
Secretes somatostatin that inhibit gastric secretion, and increases gall bladder contraction
Phases of gastric secretion?
Cephalic phase
Gastric phase
Intestinal phase
Three parts of small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum and ileum
Ducts from the liver and pancreas called?
Hepato-pancreatic duct
Longest region of the small intestine?
Ileum
Name the absorptive and mucous secreting cells of the epithelial layer of the small intestine?
Enterocytes and goblet cells
What is the name of the infoldings present between the villi?
Crypts of Leiberkuhn
Name of the gland present in the submucosa of the small intestine that produces alkaline mucous?
Brunner’s Gland
What are brush border enzymes?
The enzymes that are plasma membrane bound.
Function of secretin?
Secretion of bicarbonate by the duct of pancreas.
Function of cholecystokinin?
Stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and contraction of gall bladder and relaxation of sphincter of oddi
Function of large intestine?
Absorption of salts, water and vitamins
Three parts of the large intestine?
Cecum, colon and rectum
Three pairs of gland present in the salivary gland?
Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Submandibular gland
What gets digested in the tongue?
Carbohydrates
Largest gland of the body?
Liver
Functional unit of the liver?
Hepatic lobules
Thin connective tissue of liver?
Glisson’s capsule
Function of liver?
Detoxify blood
Stores iron and fat soluble vitamins
Stores glucose as glycogen and maintains the level of glucose
Produces bile juice
Stores cholesterol
Produces plasma proteins such as albumin and fibrinogen
Play phagocytic role with the help of Kupffer cells
When no meal is being consumed then the bile juice is stopped reaching intestine by?
Sphincter of oddi
Bile juice contains?
Bile acids, bile pigments, phosphotidylcholine and cholesterol
Eg. Of bile acids.
Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid
Eg. Of bile pigments?
Bilirubin and biliverdin
Who gives colour to feces and urea?
Bilirubin
What causes gall stones?
When the level of cholesterol increases or low level of lucethin or bile salts, then cholesterol crystallises into gall stones
What does gall stones causes?
Obstructive jaundice
What cells of pancreas secrete pancreatic enzymes?
Acinar cells
What cells of pancreas secrete aqueous alkaline solution?
Duct cells
Name the three major enzymes of proteolytic enzyme.
Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase
What does pancreatic amylase do?
Carbohydrates digestion
What does pancreatic lipase do?
Digest fats
Pancreatic nuclease function?
Digest DNA and RNA
What enzyme digest carbohydrates in the salivary amylase?
Ptyalin
What activates the trypsinogen?
Enterokinase
