Respiratory system Flashcards
Leukotriene modifiers
e.g Montelukast sodium
blocks over responding to triggers
Inflammation of the lung affecting the alveoli (filled with pus & liquid)
Pneumonia
upper respiratory tract includes which parts
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
Air movement in and out of the lungs
Ventilation
Bronchodilator, keep bronchioles open and prevent wheezing
Theophylline
Not as good for accommodating breathing changes; less expensive
CPAP
Wood burning in a fireplace, popping lung sound where airs move through mucus, fluid, pus
Crackles
marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing; Result of an allergic reaction or hypersensitivity
Asthma
CODP Tx
Bronchodilators
Chest physiotherapy
Increased fluid intake
Encourage pursed lip breathing to help expire completely
Eat small frequent meals to avoid overdistention of the stomach, which presses the diaphragm making it harder to breathe
A-S-T-H-M-A Tx acute exacerbation
Adrenergic agonist (albuterol)
Steroids (dexamethasone)
Theophylline- bronchodilators
Hydration via IV fluids
Mask for oxygen delivery
Anticholinergics (ipratropium)
low flow oxygen
nasal cannula, simple face mask, non-rebreather (100% FiO2 *bag should fill up!)
refers how many liters/min of gas is flowing into the client
Flow
pressure used to push the gas into the client’s lungs
Pressures
in asthma there is prolonged ___
no wheezing or breath sounds says?
EXPIRATION; complete obstruction
Inhale: constant set pressure
Exhale: (lower) constant set pressure
BiPAP
Air or fluid collects in the
pleural space
Pneumothorax
Inhaled corticosteroids
e.g Budesonide, fluticasone
TAKE DAILY
ORAL HYGIENE to avoid oral thrush
Fluid collects in alveoli; Deprives body of oxygen
ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)
BiPAP
Two different pressure settings for inhale vs exhale allows for lower pressure during exhalation
lower respiratory tract includes which parts
trachea, bronchi, lungs
common causes of ARDS
sepsis, trauma, burns, overdose, near drowning
Used for more complex breathing problems that require additional airway support during sleep
BiPAP
A-S-T-H-M-A triggers
Allergens
Sport/Smoking
Temperature change
Hazards
Microbes
Anxiety
ARDS Tx
Intubation and mechanical ventilation High risk for infection (Ventilator associated pneumonia)
Prevent barotrauma
- PRONE position***
coughing
gagging
bronchospasm
fighting the ventilator
ETT occlusion
kink in the tubing
increased thick secretions
water in vent circuit
produces ____ pressure alarm
HIGH
Pneumothorax Tx
needle decompression, chest tube
use of accessory muscles to force breathing
Retractions
Inflamed airway with productive cough and excessive mucus
Chronic bronchitis
location of retractions
subcostal, intracostal, supraclavicular, tracheal
gas exchange occurs in ____ through ____
alveoli; passive diffusion
Oxygen in the bloodstream
Oxygenation
Be very careful with ____ ! For them, hypoxia has become the driving factor to stimulate breathing (they were hypercarbic for an extended period of time, body has adapted!!! too much oxygen will make the body forget breathing) COPD
oxygen administration
in event of pneumothorax check the ____ is midline
when it shifts and pushes lungs and heart it’s known as?
trachea; tension pneumothorax
quiet lung sound with shallow or restricted breathing
Diminished
BiPAP stands for
BiLevel positive airway pressure
disconnected tubing
loose connections
leak
extubation
cuffed ETT or trach is deflated
poorly fitting CPAP/BiPAP mask
produces ____ pressure alarm
LOW
Pneumonia classifications
Viral, Bacteria, Fungal, Chemical irritation, Aspiration
Oxygen in the tissues
Perfusion
CPAP stands for
continous positive airway pressure
alveolar destruction due to chronic inflammation
Emphysema
low-pitch, snoring lung sound where there are secretions in large airways
Rhochi
percentage of the gas that is oxygen
(room air= 21%; max= 100%)
FiO2 (Fraction of inspired oxygen)
Noninvasive ventilation
CPAP & BiPAP
anterior to posterior diameter in EQUAL to transverse diameter
Barrel chest
Asthma attack that is refractory to treatment
- Leads to severe respiratory failure
Status Asthmaticus
High-pitched inspiratory lung sound on cause of upper airway obstruction
Stridor
Life threatening blood clot in the lungs
Pulmonary embolism
High-pitched expiratory musical lung sound because of airway obstruction
Wheezes
seen in chest x ray client with ARDS
whited-out
CPAP
Delivers air pressure at single set level that stays consistent during sleep
Pulmonary embolism Tx
O2 administration, Anticoagulants, Thrombolytics
seen in chest x ray for a client with pneumonia
patchy infiltrates
high flow oxygen
high flow nasal cannula
VENTURI MASK (most accurate)
work of breathing e.g retraction
nasal flaring, head bobbing (infant), grunting
positioning for pulmonary embolism
High fowler’s
Invasive ventilation
endotracheal tube, tracheostomy, mechanical ventilator
pneumonia isolation precautions depend on?
causative agent (infectious or not)
Increase & exhale: constant set pressure
CPAP
ABG findings for COPD
acidotic, hypercarbic, hypoxic
