Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
Cholinesterase inhibitors
INDICATION:
S/E:
A
Alzheimer’s, Dementia
S/E: bronchoconstriction*
2
Q
Beta 1: heart →
Beta 2: lungs →
Beta 2: uterus →
A
increased HR
bronchodilation
uterine relaxation
3
Q
Risk factors for DIGOXIN TOXICITY
A
CLIENTS WITH:
hypokalemia (on diuretics)
- LICORICE EXTRACT
hypomagnesemia
hypercalcemia
ELDERLY
4
Q
_____ inotropes make your heart muscle contractions stronger, raising your cardiac output to a normal level and increasing the amount of blood your heart can pump out.
A
POSITIVE
5
Q
ANTIDOTE for Magnesium Sulfate
A
Calcium Gluconate
6
Q
Losartan, olmesartan
these are?
A
ARBS
7
Q
Sodium channel blocker
INDICATION
A/E:
A
many dysrhythmias
A/E:
Diarrhea
SLE like symptoms
NEGATIVE INOTROPIC EFFECT (hypotension, cardio suppression)
8
Q
Cholinergic Drug side effects:
D-U-M-B-E-L-S
A
Diaphoresis + diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia + bronchospasm
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation
9
Q
Found in HEART & intestinal smooth muscle
Increase contractility
Increase SVR, HR, CO
A
b-1 adrenergic receptors
10
Q
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, ephedrine, phenylephrine
A
Alpha adrenergic receptors
11
Q
metronidazole, tinidazole
(-dazole)
A
anthelmintic, antibiotic
12
Q
A-B-C-D Antihypertensive drugs
A
ACE inhibitors, ARBS
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Diuretics
13
Q
ANTIDOTE for Heparin & enoxaparin
A
Protamine Sulfate
14
Q
Beta Adrenergic Agonists
(Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, dobutamine, Isoproterenol, *Albuterol)
A/E:
A
A/E: tachydysrhythmias, angina, hyperglycemia, necrosis if extravasation occurs
15
Q
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, dobutamine, Isoproterenol, *Albuterol
A
Beta adrenergic receptors
16
Q
Carried throughout the body to sites of action
A
Distribution
17
Q
Adenosine
INDICATION:
NC:
A
SVT
NC:
WARN the client it will feel like someone kicked them in the chest!!!
WARN the family they will see flatline on the monitor!!!
(Period of asystole after administration)
RAPID PUSSSSSHHHHH
CAUTION: Asthmatics
18
Q
Primarily found in vascular smooth muscles,
Peripheral vasoconstriction
Increase SVR
A
a-1 adrenergic receptors
19
Q
Alpha Adrenergic Agonists
(Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, ephedrine, phenylephrine)
A/E:
A
A/E: Hypertension, tachycardia angina, hyperglycemia, necrosis is drug extravasates
20
Q
lansoprazole, pantoprazole
(-oprazole)
A
proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
21
Q
Enalapril, lisinopril, captopril, fosinopril, moexipril, perindopril….
A
ACE inhibitors
22
Q
Parasympathetic Nervous System
- TRANSMITTER:
A
Acetylcholine
23
Q
ANTIDOTE for Benzodiazapines
A
Flumazenil
24
Q
ARBS
INDICATION:
CI:
NC:
A
Hypertension, CHF, DM neuropathy
PREGNANCY
Monitor BP, fluid levels, renal & liver status
25
ANTIDOTE for Iron
Deferoxamine
26
albuterol, salmeterol (-terol)
beta agonist, bronchodilator
27
Potassium Channel Blockers
INDICATION:
CI:
A/E:
NC:
Dysrhythmias
PREGNANCY
A/E: dizziness, tremors, ataxia, pulmonary fibrosis, bradycardia, heart block, blue gray skin discoloration
NC: CAUTION: has iodine, can disrupt thyroid
28
Expectorants & Mucolytics
INDICATION:
NC:
Excess mucus
NC: Not given w/ antitussives
29
alteplase, streptokinase (-ase)
thrombolytic
30
amoxicillin, ampicillin (-cillin)
penicillin antibiotic
31
esomeprazole, omeprazole (-eprazole)
proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
32
losartan, valsartan (-sartan)
angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB)
33
cimetidine, famotidine (-tidine)
H2 receptor antagonist
34
Muscarinic Agonists: Bethanechol, Cevimeline, Pilocarpine
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine, neostigmine, physostigmine, edrophonium, rivastigmine
Cholinergics
35
Foods to avoid when taking Warfarin
risk for ____
Excessive vitamin K
clotting
36
fluconazole, miconazole (-conazole)
antifungal
37
ACE inhibitors
INDICATION:
CI:
Nursing consideration:
Hypertension, CHF;
PREGNANCY
NC:
Discontinued if dry cough occurs
Monitor BP
38
chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide (-thiazide)
thiazide diuretic
39
enalapril, lisinopril (-pril)
ACE inhibitor
40
alendronate, risedronate, biphosphonate (-dronate)
bisphosphonate; bone resorption inhibitor
41
lidocaine, prilocaine (-caine)
local anesthetic
42
Prepares drug for elimination
Liver!!
Metabolism
43
etonogestrel, levonorgestrel (-gestrel)
female hormone (progestin)
44
Captopril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
these are?
ACE Inhibitors
45
ANTIDOTE for Ethylene poisoning
Fomepizole
46
prednisolone, prednisone (pred)
corticosteroid
47
Codeine
Dextromethorphan
Antitussives
48
Calcium Channel Blockers:
(Act ONLY on the blood vessels)
INDICATION:
CI:
S/E:
Hypertension, Angina
GRAPEFRUIT JUICE
S/E: Gingival hyperplasia,
49
Dibucaine
Lidocaine
Benzocaine
Cocaine
Tetracaine
Local Anesthetics
50
cefdinir, cephalexin (cef-, ceph)
cephalosporin antibiotic
51
Atropine, scopolamine, ipratropium bromide, dicyclomine, oxybutynin, tolterodine
Anticholinergics
52
Amlodipine
Nifedipine
Verapamil
these are? works on?
Calcium channel blockers; heart and blood vessels
53
paliperidone, risperidone (-ridone)
atypical antipsychotic
54
doxycycline, minocycline (-cycline)
tetracycline antibiotic
55
ASTHMA Meds (long term)
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
BRONCHODILATORS:
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
Glucocorticoids (inhaled)
Leukotriene receptor antagonist
Monoclonal antibodies
BRONCHODILATORS:
Long Acting B2 Agonist (LABA)
Theophylline
56
Amiodarone, Ibutilide
Potassium channel blockers
57
______ inotropes keep your heart muscles from working too hard by beating with less force.
NEGATIVE
58
alprazolam, midazolam (-zolam)
benzodiazepine
59
ANTIDOTE for Cyanide poisoning
Methylene Blue
60
How well can the drug pass into the body?
Varies by different routes of administration
Absorption
61
Calcium Channel Blockers
(Act on the heart and the blood vessels)
INDICATION:
CI:
S/E:
NC:
Hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias (a-fib/flutter)
CI: AV BLOCK
S/E: constipation, dizziness, facial flushing, HA. edema in ankles & feet
NC: Monitor closely if given w/ digoxin/beta blockers
62
Anticholinergic toxicity
treatment:
Activated charcoal
Physostigmine
63
Procainamide Lidocaine
Sodium channel blockers
64
Losartan, olmesartan, valsartan, irbesartan, azilsartan, candesartan…
ARBS
65
chlorpheniramine, pheniramine (-iramine)
antihistamine
66
Drugs to avoid for EPILEPSY
interaction:
TCAs, antimalarials, antipsychotics
reduced seizure threshold
67
darifenacin, solifenacin (-nacin)
muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)
68
Glucocorticoids
INDICATION:
NC:
LONG TERM USE RISK OF?
Asthma, COPD
NC:
Inhaled: Rinse/gargle after use (causes oral candidiasis)
NOT FOR ACUTE ATTCAK! TAKE SABA FIRST!
Oral:
ACUTE ATTACKS! Best to use < 10 days
NEVER D/C ABRUPTLY
RISK OF:
adrenal; suppression, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, PUD, growth suppression
69
sildenafil, avanafil (-afil)
phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor
70
Parasympathetic "____ & ____"
REST & DIGEST
71
Guaifenesin
Expectorants
72
Anticholinergics
INDICATION:
NC:
Asthma, COPD
NC: Monitor for s/e
73
Aminophylline, Theophylline
Methylxanthines
74
Muscarinic Poisoning
CAUSES:
TREATMENT:
Medication overdose
ATROPINE
75
Primarily found in bronchial vasculature,
Bronchodilation
Coronary artery vasodilation
b-2 adrenergic receptors
76
ibuprofen, ketoprofen (-profen)
NSAID
77
Metoprolol, Acebutolol, Atenolol, Betaxolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol, carvedilol, labetalol
Beta adrenergic antagonist
SELECTIVE
78
propranolol, metoprolol
(-olol)
beta blocker
79
Sympathetic "____ or ____"
FIGHT OR FLIGHT
80
Propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol
Beta Blockers
81
It generally takes _______ half-lives to achieve "steady state"
concentrations or to reduce the drug level to an insignificant amount
4-5
82
The time it takes for the plasma concentration or the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by 50%
Half life
83
Ipratropium, Tiotropium, Glycopyrronium bromide, Aclidinium bromide
Anticholinergics
84
Drugs to avoid for CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE
interaction: increased
Warfarin
sensitivity & bleeding
85
Omalizumab, Dupilumab, Reslizumab, Benralizumab
Monoclonal Antibodies
86
Lorazepam, diazepam
Anticonvulsants - Rapid Acting/Emergent
87
Digoxin
INDICATION:
Early S/SX toxicity:
Late S/SX toxicity:
NC:
Heart failure, a-fib, a-flutter, CHF, cardiogenic shock
Early: Nausea & Vomiting, Anorexia, VISION CHANGES (yellow/green halos)
Late: Bradycardia/arrhythmias
NC:
Monitor for toxicity!!! DIGOXIN has narrow therapeutic range
HOLD IF PULSE LESS THAN 60!!!
88
atorvastatin, simvastatin (-statin)
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)
89
Naproxen
Ketoprofen
Indomethacin
Ibuprofen
Ketorolac
ASA
Celecoxib
NSAIDS
90
Zafirlukast, montelukast
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
91
Atropine
INDICATION:
CI:
NC:
Excessive secretions, sinus bradycardia, heart block
CLIENTS W/ GLAUCOMA
NC: Monitor urinary retention & constipation
92
Drugs to avoid when taking Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) & St. John's Wort
risk for _____
other antidepressants
serotonin syndrome
93
diclofenac, nepafenac (-fenac)
NSAID
94
Eliminated by body
Kidneys!!
- Watch that BUN, Cr, and GFR
Excretion
95
ANTIDOTE for Lead
Succimer
96
Nitrates- nitroglycerin, nitroprusside
Venodilators (arterial & venous)
97
Hydralazine, Minoxidil
Venodilators (arterial)
98
Diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine,, clemastine, promethazine,
hydroxyzine, loratadine, fexofenadine…
H1 Antagonists
99
Anticholinergics
INDICATION:
CI:
A/E:
Sinus bradycardia, AV block, eye exams, asthma, excessive secretions, intestinal
hypertonicity, overactive bladder
CI: MG, glaucoma, urinary or intestinal obstruction, tachycardia
A/E:
Increased IOP (→blurry vision/photophobia) - avoid in glaucoma!
Urinary retention → caution in BPH
Bronchial plugging → caution in asthma
Constipation, xerostomia, tachycardia, anhidrosis
100
Food to avoid when taking Calcium channel blockers, Statins, Anticoagulants
causes:
Grapefruit juice
increase levels in body
101
furosemide, torsemide (-semide)
loop diuretic
102
amlodipine, nifedipine
(-dipine)
calcium channel blocker
103
Cholinergics
INDICATION:
CI:
S/E:
NC:
Urinary retention, GERD, MG, Alzheimer's, Glaucoma
CI: Intestinal obstruction, urinary tract obstruction, asthma, hyperthyroidism, hypotension
S/E: increased secretions, increased urination, miosis
NC: Monitor for bradycardia
TAKEN ON EMPTY STOMACH
104
ANTIDOTE for Opioids
Naloxone
105
ANTIDOTE for Digitalis
Digoxin immune FAB
106
Foods to avoid when taking Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
risk for ____
Tyramine rich foods (red wine, aged cheeses, salami, chocolate)
hypertensive crisis
107
Beta Blockers
INDICATION:
CI:
NC:
Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, MI, cardiomyopathy, alcohol withdrawal, anxiety
NC:
DISCONTINUE SLOWLY
MONITOR BLOOD SUGARS (Can mask signs of hypoglycemia)
CAUTION W/ ASTHMA & COPD (cause bronchospasm)
108
prednisolone, triamcinolone (-olone)
corticosteroid
109
Morphine
Codeine
Meperidine
Fentanyl
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
Hydromorphone
Oxymorphone
Opioid Agonist
110
hydrocortisone, fludrocortisone (cort)
corticosteroid
111
Drugs to avoid when taking Metformin
risk for ____
Contrast dye
nephrotoxicity
112
enoxaparin, heparin (-parin)
antithrombotic, anticoagulant
113
Anticonvulsants - Long Term
INDICATION:
Phenytoin therapeutic level: ____
S/E:
NC:
Seizures
10-20 mcg/mL
S/E: gingival hyperplasia → Regular dental check-ups + Use soft bristle toothbrush
NC: No alcohol/other CNS depressants
114
Decongestants
INDICATION:
NC:
Congestion
NC:
Oral: more systemic effects (restless, irritable, anxiety, insomnia) lasts longer
Topical: more effective, act faster; CAUSE REBOUND CONGESTION
NOT USE FOR LONGER THAN 3-5 DAYS
115
azithromycin, clindamycin
(-mycin)
antibiotic
116
ANTIDOTE for Acetaminophen
Acetylcysteine
117
phenobarbital, butabarbital (-bital)
barbiturate (sedative)
118
Drugs to avoid when taking Nitroglycerin
Risk for ____
Erectile dysfunction medications
profound hypotension
119
Nifedipine, amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, nicardipine, nimodipine
Calcium channel blockers (blood vessels only)
120
Baclofen, dantrolene, cyclobenzaprine, chlorzoxazone, tizanidine
Muscle relaxer
121
Atenolol, metoprolol, esmolol, *propranolol
these are?
beta blockers
122
Phenytoin, fosphenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, valproic acid
Anticonvulsants - Long Term
123
Acetaminophen
Non-opioids
124
Anticonvulsants - Rapid Acting/Emergent
INDICATION:
NC:
Seizures
NC: Monitor for respiratory depression
125
Antitussives
INDICATION:
NC:
Cough
NC: Monitor respiratory depression
126
ribavirin, tenofovir (vir; -vir)
antiviral
127
Muscle relaxer
INDICATION:
S/E:
NC:
Spasticity, spasms (MS, SCI)
S/E: drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, hypotension
NC: Avoid alcohol or other CNS depressants
Do not discontinue abruptly
128
furosemide, torsemide (-mide)
diuretic
129
Acetylcysteine
Hypertonic Saline
Mucolytic
130
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin (-floxacin)
quinolone antibiotic
131
Anti-Parkinson Drugs
S/E:
A/E:
NC:
S/E: nausea/vomiting, can cause postural hypotension/dizziness - move slowly when changing positions
A/E: psychosis (visual hallucinations, vivid dreams, paranoid ideation)
NC: Take with low-fat, low protein foods
132
Drugs to avoid for RESPIRATORY FAILURE
interaction:
Neuroleptics
Respiratory depression
133
H1 Antagonists
INDICATION:
NC:
Allergy, anaphylaxis, sedation
NC:
Monitor for drowsiness
Possible paradoxical excitation
EDUCATION: NO alcohol & driving, TAKEN at night & with food to reduce GI upset
134
Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin, Tamsulosin, Alfuzosin, Silodosin, Phentolamine
Alpha adrenergic antagonist
135
Monoclonal Antibodies
INDICATION:
NC:
Asthma
NC: adm. subQ
MONITOR for 2 hrs after 3 doses and 30 mins after w/ all subsequent doses
136
Levodopa, Levodopa/Carbidopa
Anti-Parkinson Drugs
137
ANTIDOTE for Warfarin
Phytonadione (Vitamin K)
138
Drugs to avoid for RENAL FAILURE
interaction:
NSAIDS
nephrotoxicity
139
Phenylephrine
Pseudoephedrine
Decongestants
140
nefazodone, trazodone (-zodone)
antidepressant
141
Verapamil and Diltiazem
Calcium channel blockers (heart & blood vessels)
142
clomipramine, imipramine (-pramine)
tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
143
budesonide, fluocinonide (-onide)
corticosteroid
144
B2 Adrenergic Receptors
INDICATION:
CAUTION:
WHEN USING 2 INHALERS:
Asthma, COPD
CAUTION:
Heart disease (increase HR)
Diabetes (masks s/sx of hypoglycemia)
Glaucoma (increase IOP)
when using 2 inhalers: SABA 1st, ensure at least 1 min interval between
145
Drugs to avoid for PARKINSON'S DISEASE
interaction:
COX-2 inhibitors
worsening of Parkinson's symptoms
146
Short acting (SABA): Albuterol, Levalbuterol,
Long- Acting (LABA): Salmeterol, Arformoterol, Olodaterol, Formoterol
B2 Adrenergic Receptors
147
Drugs to avoid for ASTHMA
interaction:
Beta blockers
Bronchospasm
148
Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists
(Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin, Tamsulosin, Alfuzosin, Silodosin, Phentolamine)
A/E:
A/E: hypotension, reflex tachycardia, nasal congestion
149
Drugs to avoid when taking ACE inhibitors
risk for ____
Potassium Sparing medications
hyperkalemia
150
aminophylline, theophylline (-phylline)
bronchodilator
151
Drugs to avoid for CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
interaction:
Calcium channel blockers, NSAIDS, Steroids (prednisolone)
sodium/water retention, increased risk for cardiac events
152
amitriptyline, nortriptyline (-tyline)
tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
153
Inhaled: Budesonide, Ciclesonide, Flunisolide, Fluticasone
PO: Methylprednisolone, Prednisolone, Prednisone
Glucocorticoids
154
fluticasone, betamethasone (-asone)
corticosteroid
155
clonazepam, lorazepam (-zepam)
benzodiazepine
156
Beta Adrenergic Antagonists - Non-selective
(Propranolol, nadolol, pindolol, sotalol, timolol)
A/E:
A/E:
Bradycardia → Avoid if client is in SB or has an AV block
HF
Bronchoconstriction → Extreme caution in asthmatics!
Hypoglycemia → Caution in diabetics! Warn them will mask typical symptoms of hypoglycemia!
Rebound cardiac excitation → never discontinue abruptly - taper off!
Depression
157
Methylxanthines
INDICATION:
NC:
Asthma
NC: Monitor drug levels (if a dose missed, DO NOT DOUBLE DOSE)
AVOID caffeine, tobacco/marijuana
158
hydrocodone, oxycodone (-done)
opioid analgesic
159
Anticholinergic Toxicity SIGNS
hot, dry, red, blind, mad
160
ASTHMA Meds (short term)
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
BRONCHODILATORS:
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
Glucocorticoids (systemic)
BRONCHODILATORS:
Short acting B2 receptors (SABA)
Anticholinergics
161
Beta Adrenergic Antagonists - Selective
(Metoprolol, Acebutolol, Atenolol, Betaxolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol, carvedilol, labetalol)
A/E:
A/E:
Bradycardia → Avoid if client is in SB or has an AV block
Rebound cardiac excitation → never discontinue abruptly - taper off!
162
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Methylnaltrexone
Opioid Antagonists
163
Drugs to avoid for HYPERTENSION
interaction:
NSAIDS
increased BP due to sodium retention
164
Propranolol, nadolol, pindolol, sotalol, timolol
Beta adrenergic antagonist
NON SELECTIVE
165
Any drug that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor
Agonist
166
Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine
Cholinesterase inhibitors
167
Any drug that binds to a receptor and prevents the activation of the receptor
Antagonist
168
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
INDICATION:
NC:
Asthma
NC: MONITOR ALT! (can cause liver injury)
169
sulfacetamide, sulfadiazine (sulfa-)
antibiotic, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory
