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Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of the spinal cord or brain
- Usually caused by a virus or bacteria

A

Meningitis

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2
Q

Vision - what lobe of the brain?

A

Occipital

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3
Q

PRIORITY during seizuresss!!

A

MAINTAIN PATENT AIRWAY + PROTECT FROM INJURY

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4
Q

assessment for stroke
B-E-F-A-S-T

A

Balance dizziness, headaches
Eyes blurry vision, abn pupil response, hemianopsia
Face unilateral facial drooping
Arms arm/leg weakness
Speech slurred
Time

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5
Q

Rapid acting anticonvulsant

A

lorazepam

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6
Q

examples of traumatic brain injury

A

fractures, bleeds, contusion

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7
Q

With the client placed
supine, passive flexion of
the neck causes
involuntary flexion of the
knee and hips.

A

Brudzinski’s sign

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8
Q

Damage to the spinal cord causes permanent changes in strength, sensation, and
other body functions below the site of the injury

A

spinal cord injury

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9
Q

Memory, understanding language - what lobe of the brain?

A

Temporal

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10
Q

With the client placed supine
and the hip flexed, the knee
cannot be completely
extended due to pain.

A

Kernig’s sign

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11
Q

Glasgow coma scale
eye opening =
verbal response =
motor response =

scores of min-max?

what GCS score do we intubate?

A

4, 5, 6

GCS 3-15

8!!!

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12
Q

Impairment in comprehension or production of language

A

Dysphasia / Aphasia

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13
Q

DURING SEEIIZURE***
DONT’S

A

leave the client,
forced clenched teeth apart,
place anything in mouth,
restrain movements

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14
Q

Weakness in muscles; Also called ‘incomplete paralysis’

A

Paresis

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15
Q

some causes for neuropathy

A

injuries, infections, toxin exposure, diabetes

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16
Q

s/sx of multiple sclerosis

A

optic neuritis, ataxia, nystagmus, hypotonia, dysdiadochokinesia, intentional tremors, spasticity

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17
Q

Complete inability to perform
purposeful or skilled motor acts

A

Apraxia

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18
Q

Weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve damage

A

Neuropathy

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19
Q

■ One side of the body

■ Only the legs

■ All four extremities

A

Hemi
Para
Quad

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20
Q

Normal ICP

A

5-15 mmHg

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21
Q

Tremors

A

Hyperkinesia

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22
Q

Isolation precautions
Viral:
Bacterial:

A

standard
droplet

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23
Q

Periorbital bruising

A

racoon eyes

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24
Q

CRANIAL NERVES
On, On, On, They Traveled And Found Voldemort Guarding Very Ancient Horcruxes.

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I)
Optic nerve (CN II)
Occulomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
Facial nerve (CN VII)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Vagus nerve (CN X)
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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25
Q

loss of consciousness, staring off into space

A

absence

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26
Q

types of strokes

A

hemorrhagic
ischemic (embolic, thrombotic)

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27
Q

PERRLA

A

Pupil Equal Round and Reactive to Light and Accommodation

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28
Q

Increased accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid

A

Hydrocephalus

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29
Q

sudden, brief, shock-like contractions of a muscle/group of muscles in extremities

A

Myoclonic

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30
Q

HR, BP, reflexes (swallowing, vomiting) are controlled by the?

A

Medulla

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31
Q

Bradykinesia: slow
Akinesia: Absence

A

Hypokinesia

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32
Q

Tx for bacterial meningitis

A

Antibiotics

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33
Q

Connective tissue covering the CNS

Layers: outer to inner

A

Meninges; Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater

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34
Q

GABA

A

calming

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35
Q

assessment on Myasthenia gravis

A

PTOSIS (drooping eyelid) + weak muscles

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36
Q

Inflammation of the brain tissue
- due to viral infection

A

Encephalitis

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37
Q

Autoimmune disorder
- Communication between nerves and muscles destroyed

A

Myasthenia gravis

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38
Q

top complication of GBS

A

Respiratory arrest

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39
Q

Transmits and receives electrical and chemical impulses

A

Neuron

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40
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Learning

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41
Q

_____ Meningitis is
more dangerous
compared to _______

A

bacterial; viral

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42
Q

Serotonin

A

calming & sleep

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43
Q

Inability to swallow

A

Aphagia

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44
Q

Noradrenaline

A

Concentration

45
Q

Damage to this area affects expressive language; CAN’T SPEAK yet can understand

A

Broca’s area

46
Q

DURING SEEIIZURE***
DO’S

A

stay with client,
note time, duration & characteristics of seizure
remove harmful obj,
cushion client’s head,
loosen restrictive clothing,
assist to side lying

47
Q

Seizure locations***
- limited to a specific area of the brain

  • involves the entire brain
  • no loss of consciousness
  • impaired consciousness ranging from confusion to non responsive
A

Partial
Generalized
Simple
Complex

48
Q

assessment for bacterial meningitis

A

Nuchal rigidity
Kernig’s sign
Photophobia
Brudzinski’s sign

49
Q

autonomic dysreflexia Tx

A

Sit the client up to lower their BP + antihypertensives

50
Q

posturing damage to deep brain structure pons; arms & legs straight out, toes pointed downward, neck & head arched back + rigid muscles

A

Decerebrate

51
Q

A vessel ruptures and bleeds
into the brain

A

hemorrhagic stroke

52
Q

Bruising over the mastoid
process

A

battle’s sign

53
Q

This causes life-threatening descending flaccid paralysis

54
Q

Histamine

55
Q

diagnosis for myasthenia gravis

A

Tensilon test (edrophonium)

56
Q

Botulinum toxin released by _____ found in ______ & _____. This contaminates _____ and never be taken by children under ____ yr old

A

clostridium botulinum;
soil and dust
HONEY; 1 yr old

57
Q

Tx for myasthenia gravis

A

Palliative***
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants

58
Q

Poor muscle control causes clumsy, voluntary movements

59
Q

hematoma where dura is still attached to skull w venous blood, slow onset of symptoms

surg:

A

Subdural hematoma; craniotomy

60
Q

Pain is often described as “_____________”, numbness, or weakness in neuropathy

A

pins and needles

61
Q

There is a lack of oxygen to the brain and that causes damage!

62
Q

top sign of autonomic dysreflexia

A

sudden severe hypertension

63
Q

Protrusion of an organ through a natural opening in a covering, muscle, or bone

There is SO much pressure, that the brain tissue pushes through the skull

A

Herniation

64
Q

PD Tx

A

Palliative**
Carbidopa-levodopa (increase dopamine in brain)
reduce symptoms

65
Q

Balance - what part of the brain is responsible for?

A

Cerebellum

66
Q

Dopamine

67
Q

Perception, math, spelling, logic - what lobe of the brain?

68
Q

“A neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of
consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.”

69
Q

Damage to this area affects receptive language; CAN’T UNDERSTAND yet can speak

A

Wernicke’s area

70
Q

The skull is a rigid container filled with: blood, brain, and CSF. If one of those three increases, another must decrease.

A

Monro-kellie hypothesis

71
Q

Inability to move muscles

72
Q

Shunt that drains extra CSF
from brain to the abdomen,
where it can then be excreted
as urine

73
Q

Open fracture → dura is

74
Q

The pressure inside of the skull

A

Intracranial pressure

75
Q

posturing damage to the midbrain; arms pulled towards center w clenched fists + rigid muscles

A

Decorticate

76
Q

Test drainage for CSF

A

halo test, glucose = cerebrospinal rhinorrhea

77
Q

Tx for Hemorrhagic

A
  1. Control bleeding

*if caused by an aneurysm
COILING - IR
CLIPPING - OR

  1. Craniotomy
  2. EVD
78
Q

Autoimmune disorder
- CNS inflammation
- Damages and degrades the myelin sheath surrounding neurons

A

Multiple sclerosis

79
Q

A clear, odorless liquid found in your brain and spinal cord.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

80
Q

Closed fracture → dura is

81
Q

Long acting anticonvulsant

82
Q

Seizure precautions***

A

oxygen & suctioning equipment,
side lying position w pillow under head,
all four side rails raised,
bed in lowest position,
padded side rails

83
Q

Partial inability to perform purposeful or skilled motor acts

84
Q

vaccines prevention for meningitis

A

Hib vaccine, Meningococcal conjugate/ MenACWY vaccines

85
Q

GBS cause ____ weakness and paralysis

86
Q

Blood flow to the brain is blocked by a blood clot

A

Ischemic stroke

87
Q

Spasms
Involuntary movements
Tardive dyskinesia

A

Dyskinesia

88
Q

abrupt loss of muscle tone for a few seconds then confusion

89
Q

Adrenaline

A

Fight or flight

90
Q

Injuries at and above T6:
- Monitor for

A

autonomic dysreflexia

91
Q

Tx for ISCHEMIC

A
  1. Permissive hypertension perfusion to brain
  2. Antithrombotic
    *tPA (-ase)
    only done quickly within 60 minutes!!!
  3. Percutaneous thrombectomy
    surgical removal of clot
92
Q

Multiple sclerosis affects:
Myasthenia gravis affects:

93
Q

NEVER _____ IN A CLIENT WITH A BASILAR SKULL FRACTURE

A

INSERT A NG TUBE

94
Q

GBS Tx

A

Plasmapheresis
- Filter blood and remove antibodies attacking the nerves

Immunoglobulin therapy
- Stops the antibodies that are attacking the myelin sheath

95
Q

a clot that’s formed elsewhere
(usually in the heart or neck arteries), travels in the bloodstream, and clogs a blood vessel in or leading to the brain. Sudden onset!

96
Q

phases of tonic and clonic spasm, immediate loss of consciousness

A

Tonic-clonic

97
Q

Progressive nervous system disorder
- Caused by degeneration of dopamine neurons

A

Parkinson’s disease

98
Q

hematoma where dura peeled off skull, arterial blood, quick onset of symptoms

surg:

A

Epidural hematoma; burrhole

99
Q

Alteration in brain function caused by an external source

A

Traumatic brain injury

100
Q

hallmark signs of basilar skull fracture

A

battle’s sign, racoon eyes

101
Q

Tx for multiple sclerosis

A

Palliative***

  • corticosteroids (reduce inflammation)
  • plasmapheresis
102
Q

Difficulty swallowing

103
Q

Ask about a GI bug…. ____ is responsible for many GBS cases!

A

Campylobacter jejuni

104
Q

Thinking, planning, organizing, problem
solving, emotions, behavioral control, personality - what lobe of the brain?

105
Q

a blood clot (thrombus) in an
artery going to the brain.

A

thrombotic

106
Q

Immune system switches to attacking the nerves and de-myelinates peripheral nerves

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

107
Q

Insulates and allows quick impulses

A

Myelin sheath

108
Q

GBS peaks in about ____ weeks

109
Q

top assessment for PD

A

Tremor, rigidity, mask-like faces, stooped posture, difficulty balancing, orthostatic hypotension, hypophonia, akinesia (absent of movements)

FALL RISK !!

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