FLUIDS & ELECTROS Flashcards
1
Q
CHLORIDE
Normal Range:
A
98-106 mEq/L
2
Q
- Most abundant extracellular anion
- Works with sodium to maintain fluid balance
- Binds with hydrogen ions to form stomach acid - HCl
A
CHLORIDE
3
Q
- Stored in the bones & cartilage
- Plays a major role in skeletal muscle contraction & ATP formation
- directly related to calcium because it is necessary for PTH
production.
A
MAGNESIUM
4
Q
PHOSPHATE
Normal range:
A
3-4.5 mEq/l
5
Q
POTASSIUM
Normal Range:
A
3.5-5 mEql/L
6
Q
- Large component of bones and teeth
- Has an inverse relationship with calcium
A
PHOSPHATE
7
Q
CALCIUM
Normal range:
A
9-10 mg/dL
8
Q
- Most abundant intracellular cation
- Important in muscle contraction, nerve impulses, & acid-base imbalances
A
POTASSIUM
9
Q
- Most abundant extracellular cation
- Water likes to always moves to the area with high
concentrations of electrolytes
A
SODIUM
10
Q
- Regulated by PTH and vitamin D
- Has an inverse relationship with phosphorus
A
CALCIUM
11
Q
SODIUM
Normal range:
A
135-145 mEq/L
12
Q
MAGNESIUM
Normal range:
A
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
13
Q
- Excessive intake of calcium
-Hyperparathyroidism - Excessive Vitamin D intake
- Vitamin D toxicity
- Cancer of the bones
- Immobility
A
HYPERCALCEMIA
14
Q
- Renal failure
- Acute pancreatitis
- Malnutrition
- Malabsorption
- Celiac disease
- Crohn’s disease
- Alcoholism
- Bulimia
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Glucocorticoids
A
HYPOCALCEMIA
15
Q
seen in the face when facial muscles twitch after the facial nerve is tapped lightly on the upper cheek, (just in front of the ear); low calcium
A
Chvostek’s sign
16
Q
occurs with the contraction of the muscles in the hand and wrist (i.e., carpopedal spasm). This is seen after you put a blood pressure cuff on a client; low calcium
A
Trousseau’s sign
17
Q
- Excessive dietary intake
- Too many magnesium
containing medications - Over-correction of
hypomagnesemia - Renal failure
A
HYPERMAGNESEMIA
18
Q
- Alcoholism
- Malnutrition
- Malabsorption
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypocalcemia
- Diarrhea
A
HYPOMAGNESEMIA
19
Q
- Burns or tissue damage
(potassium forced out of the
damaged cells) - DKA
- Renal failure
- Excessive potassium intake
- ACE inhibitors and ARBs
- Potassium-sparing diuretics
A
HYPERKALEMIA
20
Q
- DRUGS: laxatives, diuretics, corticosteroids
- INADEQUATE K+ intake: NPO, eating disorders, alcoholism
- Too much water: polydipsia, excessive IVF
- Cushing’s Syndrome: too much cortisol, Na/H2O retention, K+ secretion
- Heavy Fluid loss: NGT suction, vomiting, diarrhea, wound drainage, sweating
- Alkalosis
- Hyperinsulinism
A
HYPOKALEMIA
21
Q
- Fluid loss
Dehydration
Vomiting
Sweating - Steroids
Cushing’s disease
Excess corticosteroid
administration - Excess chloride administration
NORMAL SALINE!
A
HYPERCHLOREMIA
22
Q
- Volume overload
- CHF
- Water intoxication
- Salt losses
- Burns
- Sweating
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Addison’s Disease
A
HYPOCHLOREMIA
23
Q
- Excessive dietary intake of
phosphorus - Tumor lysis syndrome
- Renal failure
- Hypoparathyroidism →
Hypocalcemia →
Hyperphosphatemia
A
HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA
24
Q
- Malnutrition
- Alcoholism
- TPN
- Hyperparathyroidism →
hypercalcemia →
hypophosphatemia
A
HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA
25
Q
- Diabetes insipidus
- Increased insensible water loss
from hyperventilation, sweating,
and/or fever - Hypertonic IVF
- Sodium bicarbonate
- Increased sodium intake
- Corticosteroids
- Cushing’s disease
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Dehydration
- Osmotic Diuretics
- Burns
- NPO
A
HYPERNATREMIA
26
Q
- SIADH
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Addison’s disease
- Polydipsia
- Excessive hypotonic IVF
- Low sodium intake
- CHF
- Kidney Failure
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Liver Failure
- Water intoxication
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- NG over suctioning
- Diuretics
- Burns
- Excessive sweating
A
HYPONATREMIA
