Integumentary system Flashcards
ringlike with raised borders around flat centers of normal skin type of lesion
annular
Itching
Pruritus
Flat lesion
Macular
occurs in straight line
Linear
Crucial in the first 24 hours
● Due to the increase in capillary permeability, this is when the client is losing
large volumes of fluid and is at risk for hypovolemic shock
Fluid Replacement
Produce melanin - skin pigment
Melanocytes
Type 1 HSV on
mouth and face
Helps pull fluids back into the intravascular system
*ALBUMIN
Colloids
a growth that forms on a mucous membrane or other surface inside the body
polyp
Tinea capitis *fungi on
scalp
Cytotoxic T-cell drug reaction
Keratinocyte cell death (epidermis peeling off)
● Causes extensive blistering
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Less common; more dangerous - can spread more easily
● Appearance: dark brown or black
*The cells are making lots of melanin!
*Most commonly located on trunk or legs
Melanoma
Epidermis synthesizes
Vitamin D
Fluids are titrated to ensure adequate UOP of ___
30mL/hr
Triamcinolone
Hydrocortisone
Topical corticosteroids
Yeast like fungal infection
*Erythematous macular eruption with isolated pustules at the border
*Common in skin folds
Candidiasis
direct result of a disease process what type of lesion?
Primary
allow for temperature regulation and dissipation of heat
sweat glands
Decreased perfusion to the kidneys
● Insufficient UOP
Renal Failure
Focus is on regaining function
*Psychosocial care
*ADL assistance
*Physio/occupational therapy
*Cosmetic correction
Rehabilitative
Absorbs mechanical shock
Hypodermis
flakes of cornified skin
scales
2 TYPES OF NECROTIC TISSUE
slough; eschar
Fluids are the priority intervention RULE OF 9’s
Parkland burn formula
Ensure that fluid intake is ____ mL/day
2000-3000 mL
Grouped lesions with weeping and crusting
■ Unilaterally along segment of skin that follows a cranial nerve
Herpes Zoster
Full thickness, plus
involvement of bone and muscle underneath
*These burns are dry and
dull
*Exposed tissue may include
bones and muscles as well
as ligaments and tendons
4th degree burn
Ranges from mild to moderate
*Contact precautions
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
Thickening of epidermis and dermis
● Scaly, erythematous, pruritic plaques
Psoriasis
These include creams, lotions, oils, ointments, powders, shampoos, and
cleansers
Topical Antimicrobials
area of skin that is slightly raised and appears either redder or paler than the surrounding skin
wheal
Hypersensitivity when exposed to a certain
allergen
Contact dermatitis
small, node-like structure that is solid and elevated
Nodule
a small elevation on the skin that contains pus
Pustule
Diffuse infection of dermis and hypodermis
*Red, warm, swollen, and painful skin
Most common cause - staph, MRSA, or group B strep
Cellulitis
Annular patches with elevated borders and scaling
Tinea
dried exudate on skin
crust
a cleft or groove in the skin
Fissure
Protection from injury
***Inhibits proliferation of microorganisms
Epidermis
small bladder or blister that contains clear fluid
Vesicle
2 mechanisms causing pressure ulcer
SHEAR; FRICTION
Very top layer of the epidermis grows out of control
*areas of the body exposed to sun
Squamous cell carcinoma
48-72 hours after injury until the wounds heal
● Capillary membrane permeability is stabilized
Acute
Fluids are the priority intervention
Emergent
Hypovolemic shock compensation
Increased HR
Decreased cardiac output
Decreased blood pressure
develop as a consequence of the client’s activities what type of lesion?
Secondary
Intense itching, red, dry, scaly skin.
■ Can have flare ups
Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
Connective tissue
*Hair follicles
*Sweat glands and oil glands
*Blood vessels
*Nerves
*Lymphatic vessels
Dermis
Given to reduce inflammation, redness, and itching
Topical corticosteroids
Bacitracin
Neomycin
Mupirocin
Topical Antibacterials
____ is leaving the intravascular space and going to the interstitial space and the client becomes hyponatremic
Sodium
Inflammation of the dermis
Dermatitis
area with excess collagen formation present after an injury has healed
Scar
Expands the intravascular volume
Lactated Ringers
Applied directly to the skin to treat a ___, ____, ____ infection
bacterial, fungal, viral
widespread lesion
diffuse
risk factors for pressure ulcersss
*lack of mobility,
*exposure to excessive moisture, *undernourishment,
*aging skin
Thickened
Lichenified
Client is at high risk for hypovolemic shock, electrolyte imbalances, and renal failure
Emergent
First 24-48 hours
● Large shift in capillary membrane permeability
Emergent
Produce keratin which forms the epidermis
Keratinocytes
Focus on healing
*Prevent infection
*Alleviating pain
*Nutrition
*Wound care
Acute
well defined, sharp borders lesion
circumscribed
Tinea pedis also known as
Athlete’s foot
The skin remains intact; no break in integrity of epidermis
*Redness (erythema)
*No blisters
*Can be painful to the touch
1st degree burn
Use a reliable scale (e.g., Braden Scale) to assess risk, and assess entire skin daily of pressure ulcers
Braden Scale
Tinea corporis *fungi on
Corpal
Partial thickness burn
*Blisters form
*Affects the epidermis and dermis
*Skin is moist and red
*These burns are very painful
2nd degree burn
Slow growing and rarely spread skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Full thickness burn
*Penetrate all the way from the epidermis to the dermis and down into the subcutaneous tissue
*Destroy the nerve endings,
● Appear red, tan, or black
● Are dry and leathery
● Areas of eschar
3rd degree burn
circular lesion
circinate
Type 2 HSV on
genital lesions
Most common type of skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
recommended diet for pressure ulcers
high protein, calorie
Oral lesions ____ are creamy white
thrush
Injury causes lysis of cells, which then release _____ into bloodstream
potassium
Melanocytes grow out of control
Melanoma
area of destruction of the epidermis
ulcer
a closed pouch under the skin that contains a fluid or a semisolid substance
Cyst
Clotrimazole
Ketoconazole
Miconazole
Nystatin
Topical Antifungals
Increase in capillary permeability
● Third spacing occurs
Hypovolemic Shock
Groups of vesicles on an erythematous base
■ Vesicles can turn into pustules, rupture, and form crusts
■ Last 2 to 6 weeks
Herpes Simplex Virus
Parkland Formula
4mLx TBSA x (%) x weight (kg)
divide in half;
1st 8 hours
2nd 16 hours
Burn is now healed
Rehabilitative
Hives
Urticaria
Bullous or ulcerative
* More common in children
Cause - staph or strep
Impetigo
Raised lesion
Papular
Start in the basal cell layer (bottom layer) of the epidermis
*Form on areas of the body exposed to sun - head, face, neck
Basal cell carcinoma
