Integumentary system Flashcards by Lady Barbeque

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ringlike with raised borders around flat centers of normal skin type of lesion

annular

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Itching

Pruritus

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Flat lesion

Macular

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occurs in straight line

Linear

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Crucial in the first 24 hours
● Due to the increase in capillary permeability, this is when the client is losing
large volumes of fluid and is at risk for hypovolemic shock

Fluid Replacement

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Produce melanin - skin pigment

Melanocytes

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Type 1 HSV on

mouth and face

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Helps pull fluids back into the intravascular system
*ALBUMIN

Colloids

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a growth that forms on a mucous membrane or other surface inside the body

polyp

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Tinea capitis *fungi on

scalp

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Cytotoxic T-cell drug reaction
Keratinocyte cell death (epidermis peeling off)
● Causes extensive blistering

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

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Less common; more dangerous - can spread more easily
● Appearance: dark brown or black
*The cells are making lots of melanin!
*Most commonly located on trunk or legs

Melanoma

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Epidermis synthesizes

Vitamin D

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Fluids are titrated to ensure adequate UOP of ___

30mL/hr

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Triamcinolone
Hydrocortisone

Topical corticosteroids

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Yeast like fungal infection
*Erythematous macular eruption with isolated pustules at the border
*Common in skin folds

Candidiasis

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direct result of a disease process what type of lesion?

Primary

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allow for temperature regulation and dissipation of heat

sweat glands

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Decreased perfusion to the kidneys
● Insufficient UOP

Renal Failure

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Focus is on regaining function
*Psychosocial care
*ADL assistance
*Physio/occupational therapy
*Cosmetic correction

Rehabilitative

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Absorbs mechanical shock

Hypodermis

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flakes of cornified skin

scales

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2 TYPES OF NECROTIC TISSUE

slough; eschar

Fluids are the priority intervention *RULE OF 9's*

Parkland burn formula

Ensure that fluid intake is ____ mL/day

2000-3000 mL

Grouped lesions with weeping and crusting ■ Unilaterally along segment of skin that follows a cranial nerve

Herpes Zoster

Full thickness, plus involvement of bone and muscle underneath *These burns are dry and dull *Exposed tissue may include bones and muscles as well as ligaments and tendons

4th degree burn

Ranges from mild to moderate *Contact precautions

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Thickening of epidermis and dermis ● Scaly, erythematous, pruritic plaques

Psoriasis

These include creams, lotions, oils, ointments, powders, shampoos, and cleansers

Topical Antimicrobials

area of skin that is slightly raised and appears either redder or paler than the surrounding skin

wheal

Hypersensitivity when exposed to a certain allergen

Contact dermatitis

small, node-like structure that is solid and elevated

Nodule

a small elevation on the skin that contains pus

Pustule

Diffuse infection of dermis and hypodermis *Red, warm, swollen, and painful skin Most common cause - staph, MRSA, or group B strep

Cellulitis

Annular patches with elevated borders and scaling

Tinea

dried exudate on skin

crust

a cleft or groove in the skin

Fissure

Protection from injury ***Inhibits proliferation of microorganisms

Epidermis

small bladder or blister that contains clear fluid

Vesicle

2 mechanisms causing pressure ulcer

SHEAR; FRICTION

Very top layer of the epidermis grows out of control *areas of the body exposed to sun

Squamous cell carcinoma

48-72 hours after injury until the wounds heal ● Capillary membrane permeability is stabilized

Acute

Fluids are the priority intervention

Emergent

Hypovolemic shock compensation

Increased HR Decreased cardiac output Decreased blood pressure

develop as a consequence of the client’s activities *what type of lesion?*

Secondary

Intense itching, red, dry, scaly skin. ■ Can have flare ups

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Connective tissue *Hair follicles *Sweat glands and oil glands *Blood vessels *Nerves *Lymphatic vessels

Dermis

Given to reduce inflammation, redness, and itching

Topical corticosteroids

Bacitracin Neomycin Mupirocin

Topical Antibacterials

____ is leaving the intravascular space and going to the interstitial space and the client becomes hyponatremic

Sodium

Inflammation of the dermis

Dermatitis

area with excess collagen formation present after an injury has healed

Scar

Expands the intravascular volume

Lactated Ringers

Applied directly to the skin to treat a ___, ____, ____ infection

bacterial, fungal, viral

widespread lesion

diffuse

risk factors for pressure ulcersss

*lack of mobility, *exposure to excessive moisture, *undernourishment, *aging skin

Thickened

Lichenified

Client is at high risk for hypovolemic shock, electrolyte imbalances, and renal failure

Emergent

First 24-48 hours ● Large shift in capillary membrane permeability

Emergent

Produce keratin which forms the epidermis

Keratinocytes

Focus on healing *Prevent infection *Alleviating pain *Nutrition *Wound care

Acute

well defined, sharp borders lesion

circumscribed

Tinea pedis also known as

Athlete's foot

The skin remains intact; no break in integrity of epidermis *Redness (erythema) *No blisters *Can be painful to the touch

1st degree burn

Use a reliable scale (e.g., Braden Scale) to assess risk, and assess entire skin daily of pressure ulcers

Braden Scale

Tinea corporis *fungi on

Corpal

Partial thickness burn *Blisters form *Affects the epidermis and dermis *Skin is moist and red *These burns are very painful

2nd degree burn

Slow growing and rarely spread skin cancer

Basal cell carcinoma

Full thickness burn *Penetrate all the way from the epidermis to the dermis and down into the subcutaneous tissue *Destroy the nerve endings, ● Appear red, tan, or black ● Are dry and leathery ● Areas of eschar

3rd degree burn

circular lesion

circinate

Type 2 HSV on

genital lesions

Most common type of skin cancer

Basal cell carcinoma

recommended diet for pressure ulcers

high protein, calorie

Oral lesions ____ are creamy white

thrush

Injury causes lysis of cells, which then release _____ into bloodstream

potassium

Melanocytes grow out of control

Melanoma

area of destruction of the epidermis

ulcer

a closed pouch under the skin that contains a fluid or a semisolid substance

Cyst

Clotrimazole Ketoconazole Miconazole Nystatin

Topical Antifungals

Increase in capillary permeability ● Third spacing occurs

Hypovolemic Shock

Groups of vesicles on an erythematous base ■ Vesicles can turn into pustules, rupture, and form crusts ■ Last 2 to 6 weeks

Herpes Simplex Virus

Parkland Formula

4mLx TBSA x (%) x weight (kg) divide in half; 1st 8 hours 2nd 16 hours

Burn is now healed

Rehabilitative

Hives

Urticaria

Bullous or ulcerative * More common in children Cause - staph or strep

Impetigo

Raised lesion

Papular

Start in the basal cell layer (bottom layer) of the epidermis *Form on areas of the body exposed to sun - head, face, neck

Basal cell carcinoma