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Anatomy LECTURE > RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Respiration, tv, vr

A

Movement of fresh air into the lungs and out of the lungs

Tv= tidal volume

Vr = ventilation rate

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2
Q

Ventilation equation

A

VR * TV

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3
Q

Respiratory system functions

A

Supply oxygen and remove CO2

Blood pH buff

Conversion of ACE

Olfaction and speech

Humidify

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4
Q

Processes of respiration

A

Pulmonary ventilation

External respiration

Transport

Internal respiration

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5
Q

Respiratory system processes of respiration

A

Pulmonary ventilation

External respiration

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6
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

Breathing

air in and out of lungs

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7
Q

External respiration

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between lungs and blood

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8
Q

Circulatory system, processes of respiration

A

Transport

Internal respiration

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9
Q

Transport

A

Oxygen and CO2 in blood

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10
Q

Internal respiration

A

Oxygen and CO2 exchange between systematic blood vessels and tissues

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11
Q

Functional zones

A

Respiratory zone

Conducting zone

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12
Q

Respiratory zone

A

Site of gas exchange and has microscopic structures

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13
Q

Conducting zone

A

Conduits to gas exchange sites

All other respiratory structures are here and cleanses and warms incoming air

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14
Q

Which muscles promote ventilation

A

Diaphragm and other respiratory muscles

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15
Q

upper airway and respiratory track include what

A

Upper airways contains head and neck

Respiratory check includes larynx and lung

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16
Q

Two regions of the nose and its function

A

External nose and nasal cavity

It is entry and exit airway and Moen and entering air

Filters and cleanses air

Chamber to resonate speech and has olfactory receptors

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17
Q

Mucosa

A

Mucous and serous secretions

Produce lysozymeas protection

Inspired air waned by cappilaries and veins

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18
Q

Conchae

A

Nasal conchae increase lateral walls and increase mucosal area and enhance air turbulence

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19
Q

Conchae and mucosa during inhalation and exhalation

A

Inhalation filter , heat, and moisten air

Exhalation reclaim heat and moisture

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20
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Cavity

In frontal steroid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones

lighteb skull, resonate, sound and secure mucus to help warm air

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21
Q

Pharynx conducting zone

A

Muscular passage that connects nasal cavity to larynx and has three regions

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22
Q

Three regions of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx

Oropharnyx

Laryngopharynx

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23
Q

Larynx

A

Play roll in speech

Roots air and food into proper channel

Sections of rigid highline cartilage, and a spoon shaped flap of elastic cartilage

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24
Q

Structures of larynx

A

Epiglottis

Laryngal prominence

Vocal folds

Glottis

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25
Epiglottis
Roots food to the esophagus and air towards the trachea
26
Laryngeal prominence
Thyroid cartilage, also known as atoms, apple
27
Vocal folds( true vocal cords)
Vibrate with expelled air to create sound Has vestibular folds (vocal cord)
28
Glottis
Opening between vocal cords
29
Trachea part of conducting zone
Connects larynx with bronchi Walls have hyaline cartilage Had pseudostraified epithelium Ends of cartilage connected by trachelais muscle
30
Lungs (conducting and respiratory zone) and number of lobes
Cavity Each divided into lobes by fissures Left long has two lobes and the right lung has three lobes
31
Bronchi
Has primary secondary and tertiary bronchitis Has bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, and respiratory bronchioles
32
Alveoli (respiratory zone)
Site of gas exchange Rich blood supplies, capillary form sheet over Avioli
33
Type one and type two aveolar cells
Type one make up wall of Avioli with squamous epithelial cell Type two secrete surfactant
34
What happens in alveolus
Type two cells secrete the surface to prevent collapse of the alveolus and prevent inter wall sticking to each other Deoxygenated gated blood comes in and CO2 is being released Type 1 cells allow gas exchange between the avelois and capillaries Oxygenated blood goes to the heart
35
Aveloli surface tension
Decrease surface area at interface Attracts liquid moles to one another Water has high surface tension tk coat aveolar walls
36
What happens in low lung volume?
Surface tension is inward because water molecules on wall want to interact
37
In high lung volume what happens
Surface tension is outward because water particles on walls are pulled by bulk water outside avelous
38
What prevents your lung from collapsing when we breathe out?
Surfactant lipid and protein complex produced by type two Avola cells reduces surface tension of aveolar fluid
39
Surfactant is a
Amphipatic molecule
40
Conductions on recap pathway
Nose Pharynx Naso Oro Laryngo Larynx Trachea Bronchi and branches Lungs and alveoli
41
At 26 weeks the lungs and surfactant correlation in fetus is …
Lungs will start producing little surfactant and big amount at 35 wks
42
In order to breath effectively the intrapleural pressure must be …
Lower than the atmospheric pressure
43
What cell produces the pulmonary surfactant
Type 2 aveolar cell
44
How are the lungs functionally connected?
They are functionally connected to the chess wall by the plural sack
45
Trans pulmonary pressure, pleural pressure and intra-Avola pressure
4MMg 0mmhg -4mmhg
46
Long volume and pressures before inspiration when there is no movement of air going in
Pressure is 760 for PTP and PALV PIP is 756
47
Lung volume and pressure for ventilation cycle for inspiration and expirations
Inspiration: PALV is 759 and PIP is 754 respiratory muscles are contracting Expiration : PALV 761 and PIP 756 respiratory muscles are relaxing
48
Where is the airflow from and to
From high-pressure to low pressure area,
49
Tidal volume normal breathing
Amount of air inhaled an exhaled with each breath under at rest
50
Inspiratory reserve
Extra in
51
Expiratory reserve volume
Extra out
52
Residual volume
Amount air remaining in lungs after forced expiration
53
Inspiratory capacity
Max volume inspiration after expiration
54
Functional residual capacity
Amount of air and lungs after normal breath out
55
Vital capacity
Total amount of exchangeable air
56
Total lung capacity
Maximum amount of air that can be in the lungs
57
Obstructive lung disease
Residual volume will increase
58
Restrictive lung disease
Total lung capacity decreases
59
Respiratory zone and conducting zone structures
Respiratory zone has respiratory bronchi, aveolar , ducks, lungs and Avioli , Conducting zone has, pharynx, larynx , trschea, bronchi bronchiole, and terminal bronchiole lungs
60
Lung compliance
Stretchability of lung and how open aveoli is
61
Great compliance =
Easier to expand lungs
62
Lung compliance determined by
Elastic tissue Surface tension generated at air water within alveoli
63
Compliance and surfactant
Surfactant increase compliance
64
Elastic recoil
Lung going back to original shape
65
What happens when type 2 aveola is not present
Alveoli can collapse
66
Aveolar without surfactant
Surface tension increases and alveoli has smaller volume
67
Alveoli with surfactant
Prevents aveolar collapse and equilibriates alveoli sizes
68
Ventilation =
Tidal volume times rate
69
Causes of low compliance
Low muscle contraction High surface tension (low surfactant) Scar tissue (fibrosis) smoking Edema (fluid in interstitial space)
70
Example of high compliance
Emphysema : breakdown of aveolar walls
71
Pneumothorax and treatment
Air in pleural cavity and collapses of lung Chest tube in place tk vacuum it
72
What does airflow depend on
Driving pressure and resistance
73
Highest resistance area
Upper respiratory tract trachea and bronchi
74
What determines airway lumen
Lung volume
75
Psns and asthma
Psns simulate smooth muscle yk contraction bronchi causing asthma bc narrows airway
76
Syns smooth muscle and asthma’s treatment
Muscle replaces allowing bronchodialation allowing airway to open
77
What happens when elastic recoil decrease in compliance, air travel, and resistance
Compliance and air travel decreases Resistance increases
78
Elastic recoil decrease for other factors of pip, airflow, transmural, radius, resistance
Interpluersl space increase Airflow decrease Trsbsmural decresed Radius decrease Resistance increase
79
Anatomical dead space
No gas exchange
80
Alveolar dead space
No functional aveolar due to collapse
81
Total dead space
Dead space if anatomical and alveolar
82
Diffusion of gas will increase when…
Membrane permeability surface area membrane thickness
83
Gas diffusion is active or passive, It’s directionality, what type of transporter.
Passive diffusion High to low Transporter independent
84
What determines gas diffusion
Pressure gradient
85
Ventilation and perfusion with Avola
Ventilation is the amount of gas, reaching alveoli Perfusion is amount of blood, reaching the alveoli
86
Ventilation and perfusion with Avola
Ventilation is the amount of gas, reaching alveoli Perfusion is amount of blood, reaching the alveoli
87
The amount of O2 picked up in the lungs matches…
The amount extracted and use the tissues
88
Lungs jn covid
Effects exchange of Avola and the blood
89
Control of respiration
No pacemaker activity and lungs or respiratory muscles respiratory centers are in the medulla oblogata

Anatomy LECTURE (9 decks)

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