Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy LECTURE > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Flashcards

IMMUNE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process by which white blood cell squeeze through capillary walls to reach infected tissues called?

A

Diapedesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the formed elements arise from myeloid Lloyd stem cells

A

Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The connective tissue supporting the structure of lymphoid organs is…

A

Reticular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lymphoid organs are highly vascularized true or false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the order of the differentiation of cells involved in the development of neutrophil?

A

Hematopoietic stem cell, myeloid stem cell, myeloblast , neutrophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Description of a neutrophil

A

Abundant granular, especially effective against bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Closest predecessor of the B cell, T cell, natural killer cells

A

Lymphoid stem cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the closest predecessor of microphage neutrophil basophil monocyte and eosinophil ?

A

Myeloid stem cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lymph is usually a clear color is fluid similar to blood plasma but…

A

Has lower protein content than blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a specificity of lymphatic capillaries?

A

They are closed at one end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The only lymphatic organ with both afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels is…

A

The lymph node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functions of lymphatic system

A

Monitors blood fluids for foreign matter

Maintain fluid balance

Distribute immune cell

Recover tissue fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Excess interstitial fluid (the fluid between cells and tissues ) is returned to the …

A

Intravascular fluid through the lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is swelling associated with an increase in interstitial fluid in a tissue or body cavity

A

Edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Edema can be caused by high capillary, hydrostatic pressure by low oncotic pressure…

A

By proteins lead from vascular space and will all lead to excessive interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the two systems that the immue system has?

A

Innate and adaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Innate nonspecific defense system

A

First line of defense is external body membranes like skin

Second line of defense is antimicrobial protein defensins, phagocytes, enzymes like lysozyime of saliva,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of second line of defense in innate defense system

A

Prevent infection
Inhibit spread of invaders
Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adaptive specific defense system

A

Third line of defense attack, specifically particular foreign substance

Takes longer to react than innate system, but it is specific and highly effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Types of Phagocytoc cells

A

Neutrophil and macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neutrophil

A

Most abundant and become phagocytic on exposure to infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Macrophages and where they develop from

A

Develop from monocytes and are fixed macrophages that are permanent resident of some organs like skin cells, (langerhans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Natural killer cell and where they are derived from

A

They are derived from lymphocytes

Attack cell, that lack self cell surface receptors and induce apoptosis in cancer cells

Enhance inflammatory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anti-bacterial proteins

A

Interferons complement, proteins, defensins and attack, microorganisms directly and hinder them to reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Fever
Increasing body temperature and increasing metabolism by proliferation and mobility of white blood cells by phagocytosis Local sites and macro Fajah exposed to foreign substance and secrete pyrogens
26
Pyrogens
A fire
27
Inflammatory response is triggered by…
Injured body tissues Extreme heat Infection
28
Inflammatory response goals
Prevent spread of damaging agents Dispose of cell debris Alert, adaptive immune system
29
Signs of inflammatory response
Redness Heat Swelling Pain
30
Steps of inflammation part one
Stressed tissue or a immune cells release chemical sign Macrophages identify invaders Vessels dilate Histamine cause swelling and then pain
31
Steps of inflammation part two phagocyte mobilization
Phagocytes arrive in mass such as neutrophil and macrophages
32
Steps of how phagocytes arrive in masses
Leukocytosis Margination Diapedesis Chemotaxis
33
Leukocytosis
Neutrophils enter the blood from bone marrow
34
Margination
Margination occurs where neutrophils cling to the capillary wall
35
Diapedesis
Neutrophils flatten and squeeze out of capillaries
36
Chemotaxis
Neutrophils follow chemical Trail
37
The two processes of inflammation
Vasodilation and leukocytosis inducing factor
38
Process of inflammation with vasodilation
Tissues are injured Histamine triggers, and mast cells to release Vasodilation occurs, increasing the blood, arriving at the site of injury or exudation, causing swelling and pain Causing redness and heat
39
Inflammation steps with leukocytosis inducing factor
Tissues are injured The injure tissue releases, leukocytosis inducing factor Leads to more leukocytes, mainly neutrophils in circulation
40
Innate immune system second line of defense is calling onto…
Adaptive immune system
41
Adaptive defense overview
Has specific response such as antigens Systematic and can have memory There’s two separate classes
42
The two separate classes of adaptive defense
Humoral immunity B cells Cellular immunity, T cells
43
Humoral, immunity
Antibodies produced by plasma sites Bines temporarily to target sells antigens and temporarily inactivates and mark it for destruction Has extra cellular targets
44
Cellular immunity
Lymphocytes act against target cell directly and indirect It has cellular targets Mostly triggered by t lymphocytes
45
Which immuno globulin class is first secreted
IGM
46
Which immunoglobin class does not pass through placenta barrier
Igm
47
What is the major immunoglobulin class for secretions and infection prevention
IgA
48
Which immunoglobin Class is abundant and plasma and late responses
IGG
49
Which immunoglobulin class can pass the placenta barrier and can complement activation
IGG
50
Which immunoglobulin class binds to receptor on mast cells and basophil
IgE
51
Helper, T cell
Activate B and T cells and induce proliferation
52
Cytotoxic T cell
Attack and kill infected cells
53
Regulatory T cells
Suppress immune response
54
Lymphocytes indirect targeting
Enhance inflammatory response, activating other lymphocytes and macrophages
55
What is needed for antigen presenting cells?
Phagocytosis AG processing AG presentation
56
Phagocytosis
En golf antigens and process them
57
AG processing
Taking in of antigen and digesting it for later presentation
58
AG presentation
Major cell types presenting foregin AG on MHC2 proteins
59
Types of AG presentation
Dendritic cells and connective tissues, and Macro phases and connective tissues and lymphoid B cells
60
MHC
Major histocompatibility complex
61
What enzyme in macrophages are important for clearing intracellular bacteria?
Lysosomal
62
What is critical future of immediate hypersensitivity?
Histamine release
63
What drug is used to counteract the effects of anaphylactic shock
epinephrine
64
Where does the white pulp of the spleen, get its color from?
Macrophages and lymphocytes
65
Lymphocyte maturation location
B cells in bone marrow, T cells thymus
66
Lymphocyte maturation immunocompetence
Each can recognize one specific antigen
67
Lymphocyte maturation self tolerance
Unresponsive to own antigens Only engage in defense against forgein in substances
68
Primary immune response
Levels if plasmas antibody are reached I. 10 days IGM Then decline Memory cells develop
69
Secondary immune response
Re-exposure to the same antigen gives faster effective response memory, cells, respond, within hours, antibody levels are at peak levels and bind it’s more affinity
70
Humoral, immunity, active naturally acquired
When own body is producing antibodies Infection contact with pathogen
71
Humoral immunity active artificially acquired
Vaccine and dead pathogens
72
Humoral immunity passive naturally acquired
Receiving antibodies Antibodies passed from mother to fetus via placenta or milk
73
Humoral immunity passive artificially acquired
Injection of exogenous antibodies

Anatomy LECTURE (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions