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Anatomy LECTURE > BLOOD PART 2 > Flashcards

BLOOD PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood loss is not ..…

A

A sustainable state

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2
Q

Hemostasis

A

Stopping blood loss by clotting factors and substances released by platelets and injured tissues

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3
Q

Steps of hemostasis

A

Vascular spasm aka vasoconstriction

Platelets plug formation

Coagulation

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4
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Limit the flow to limit blood loss

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5
Q

Plug formation and what feed back loop is it

A

Platelets will act as temporary plug by getting activated by sticking to collogen fibers (aggregation)

Then will swell become spiked and sticky release chemical messengers like adp, seratpnin, calcium

Positive feedback loop

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6
Q

What tissues make up the vessel wall from top to bottom

A

Connective
Smooth muscle
Connective

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7
Q

How is couagulation prevented

A

Molecules made by healthy endothelial cells to prevent couagulation

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8
Q

What type of connective tissue is present surrounding blood vessels

A

RETICULAR CT and many more

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9
Q

What happens when you lose endothelial cells

A

You start losing important molecules and therefore start losing blood

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10
Q

What the main protein present in the extra cellular matrix of most connective tissues

A

Collagen

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11
Q

Spectrin

A

Protein for The elasticity and Shape of red blood cells

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12
Q

Fibrin

A

Are sticky and has clotting factors and help stabilize plugs

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13
Q

Two coagulation pathway

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic

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14
Q

Instinct pathway or contact activation

A

Triggered when there is damage inside blood vessel

Platelets are activated and stick to collogen and factors are activate

Then joins common pathway to turn fibrogen into fibrin that holds clot together to stop bleeding

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15
Q

Extrinsic pathway or tissue factor

A

When there is wound there is trigger by tissue factor or factor 3

Has fewer reactions and faster

Then joins common pathway to turn fibrogen into fibrin that holds clot together to stop bleeding

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16
Q

What ion is essential coagulation

A

Calcium

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17
Q

Coagulation overview

A

Reinforces platelet plug with fibrin threads

Blood transform from liquid to gel

And has three phases of coagulation

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18
Q

Three phases of coagulation

A

Prothrombin activator formation

Prothrombin converted to enzyme thrombin

Thrombin Catalyzes fibrogren to fibrin

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19
Q

Hemostasis recap

A

Muscle contracts, causing vasal constructions

Platelet formation occurs and the injury to the lining of the vessel, exposes collagen fibers, causing platelets to activate

Then they start sticking to the edges, creating platelet

Fibrin forms a mesh that traps red blood cells and platelets, forming the clot

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20
Q

Do platelets have actin and myosin

A

Yes

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21
Q

Vessel repair what happens after Acton and myosin in platelets contract

A

The contraction pulls on the strand, squeezing serum from the clot drawing the ruptured blood vessels together

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22
Q

What does PDGF do

A

Platelet derived growth factor helps to divide smooth muscle cells and fiber blast to rebuild blood vessels outer wall

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23
Q

What does VEGF?

A

Vascular, endothelial growth, factor restores endothelial lining of blood vessels

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24
Q

Fibrinnolysis

A

Remove unneeded clots after healing and begins within two days and continues for several days

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25
Q

Plasmin

A

A fiber digesting enzyme produced by activated plasminogen trapped during clot Occurred formation, which is a negative feedback Loop

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26
Q

Thrombos

A

Blood clot

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27
Q

Embolus

A

Unattached mass that travels in the bloodstream

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28
Q

Retrograde Thrombelmbolism

A

The emboli moves in the opposite direction of the blood flow and seen in blood vessels with low pressure or of heavy emboli

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29
Q

Anterograde embolism

A

Movement of emboli in the direction of blood flow

30
Q

Thrombocytopenia and how is it treated?

A

Bleeding disorder Deficiency and circulating platelets less than 50,000

with transfusion of concentrated platelets

31
Q

Thrombocytes aka…

A

Platelets

32
Q

Petechiae

A

Appear from widespread hemmorage appear as round spot on skin

33
Q

Bleeding disorder and the inability to synthesize pro coagulants

A

Impaired liver function

From vitamin K deficiency , hepatitis

34
Q

Why is vitamin K required?

A

For synthesis of some clotting factors

35
Q

Bleeding disorder hemophilia includes…

A

Is hereditary, bleeding disorder with types a b and caused by a deficiency and a specific factor

36
Q

Disseminated intravascular coagulation and causes

A

Widespread clotting in intact vessels and severe bleeding , residual blood unable to clot

Usally pregnancy complication it incompatible blood transfusion

37
Q

Why is it recommended not to take aspirin before surgery?

A

Because it is a blood thinner and will prevent formation of clots and cause a lot of bleeding

38
Q

What happens when a type A blood person gets a transfusion with a type B Blood

A

The anti - B antibodies will attack the group B cell

39
Q

In packed red blood cells plasma is…

A

Is not transferred meaning no donor antibodies are present and is used to restore oxygen carrying capacity

40
Q

What antibodies does blood type O produce and what type can it get blood from

A

It had A and B antibodies and only can get blood from type O

41
Q

Aging and damage erythrocytes are removed from circulation by…

A

Macrophages

42
Q

Those who live at sea level should a high or low hematocrit than people at high altitude

A

Lower hematocrit than individuals living at high altitude

43
Q

The initial stage of the red blood cell delivered into the blood before it is fully mature is the…

A

Reticulocyte

44
Q

The principal role of oxygen is to…

A

Allow oxidative phosphorylation for the production of ATP

45
Q

Your friend is feeling tired and has a headache and his he is 60% which is elevated because the normal is approximately 45%. What would you recommend?

A

Drink more water because they’re probably dehydrated

46
Q

What factor helps rebuild smooth muscle and connective tissue

A

Platlet derived growth factor

47
Q

What factor helps rebuild the endothelial cells

A

Vascular endothelial growth factor

48
Q

What enzyme is involved in fibrinolysis?

A

Plasmin

49
Q

The time it takes for enzymes and factors to break down blood clots

A

Enzymes take days factors take minutes

50
Q

What chemicals are released from healthy endothelial cells?

A

PGI prevent coagulation

51
Q

What role does PGI play when blood vessel has been damaged?

A

To keep platelet plug localized

52
Q

What factor helps platelets to become activated by collagen fiber

A

Van willebrand factor

53
Q

When activated platelets release different chemicals why does this make it a positive feedback loop

A

Once chemicals are released, more platelets are activated

54
Q

What is red blood cell names based off of?

A

Based on antigens also known as agglutinogens who are promoters of agglutination

55
Q

Type A blood, agglutinogen and it’s antibody

A

A antigen and anti B -antibodies

56
Q

What is another name for the blood antibodies?

A

Agglutinins

57
Q

Agglutinins bind to ….

A

Agglutinogens leading to agglutination

58
Q

What does whole blood transfusion mean?

A

Donor antibodies included

59
Q

What are packed red blood cells and what does it mean?

A

Plas and white blood cells are removed and no plasma means no donor antibodies

60
Q

Donor cells in incompatible transfusion reactions…

A

Attacked by recipients plasma, antibodies, and clog, small vessels and ruptured to release hemoglobin

61
Q

What does donor to recipient result in , in incompatible transfusion reaction

A

Diminish oxygen carrying capacity diminished blood flow, and hemoglobin is in kidneys tube, which causes renal failure

62
Q

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is called and who does it occur?

A

Erythroblastosis

Occurs in moms with Rh minus and fetus with Rh plus

63
Q

Erythroblastosis fetalis

A

Rh minus mom exposed to Rh plus blood of fears during delivery of her first baby and they will be healthy

But then the mother will synthesize anti Rh antibodies so when she has a second pregnancy, those antibodies will cross the present and destroy the red blood cells of the Rh plus baby

64
Q

Agglutination

A

Antigen and antibodies of the same type is deadly, which causes clotting

65
Q

which blood type is a universal donor and a universal receiver adding Rh

A

O- is universal donor

AB+ universal receiver

66
Q

Which blood types has no antibodies and no antigens

A

AB has no antibodies

O, has no antigen

67
Q

In Rh what blood type cannot be a donor

A

Rh + can’t be given to any -

68
Q

When determining blood type compatibility…

A

Receiver to doner

Antibody attacks antigen

69
Q

It is the most abundant cell in the Buffy coat

A

Platelets

70
Q

It’s the most abundant component of the Buffy coat

A

Lymphocytes

Anatomy LECTURE (9 decks)

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