Respiratory System

Question 1

Ventilation (Breathing):

Answer 1

the process by which air enters and leaves the lungs.
air goes in and air comes out

Question 2

Gas Exchange (Respiration):

Answer 2

the process of diffusion of O2 and CO2

Question 3

Cellular Respiration:

Answer 3

the oxidation of glucose in the production of ATP.
Glucose + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP

Question 4

Nasal Cavity:

Answer 4

2 nostrils; connects to pharynx
- Filter the air, and trap particles (eg dust) using tiny hairs and mucus
- Warms and moistens the air

Question 5

Pharynx

Answer 5

Air filled channel at the back of the mouth
Passageway for food and air; will branch out to the esophagus or towards the trachea

Question 6

Epiglottis

Answer 6

• Flap that covers the trachea when swallowing to prevent food from entering.
• if epiglottis does not close, the reflex is a cough

Question 7

Larynx (voicebox)

Answer 7

• Contains 2 elastic ligaments.
• When air passes through the ligaments vibrate producing sound

Question 8

Trachea

Answer 8

• Lined with mucus-producing cells and cilia
  Mucus traps particles/debris that made it past the nasal filtration

Question 9

Bronchi

Answer 9

• Branches into 2 tubes called the bronchi (singular: bronchus)
• Left & Right bronchi
  Contain cartilage bands to prevent collapse
• Carry air into the right and left lung

Question 10

Bronchioles

Answer 10

Bronchi split into smaller branches called bronchioles

Question 11

Alveoli

Answer 11

• Tiny air sacs (0.20µm) at the end of the bronchioles
• Each lung contains ~150 MILLION alveoli

Question 12

Pleural Membrane:

Answer 12

2 thin membranes
One surrounds the outer surface of lung
One surrounds the inner surface of thoracic cavity (ribs)

Question 13

Diaphragm

Answer 13

Dome-shaped band of muscle
Separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
Helps with inhalation & exhalation as a result of changing pressure

Question 14

Inhalation

Answer 14

Increase in lung volume
Decrease in lung pressure
Diaphragm moves down/contracting
Air is in
Up and out

Question 15

Exhalation

Answer 15

Air goes out
Diaphragm moves up
In and down

Question 16

Tidal Volume:

Answer 16

volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath

Question 17

Inspiratory Reserve Volume:

Answer 17

additional volume of air that can be taken into the lung

Question 18

Expiratory Reserve Volume:

Answer 18

additional volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs

Question 19

Vital Capacity:

Answer 19

AKA total lung volume. The total volume of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs

Question 20

Residual Volume:

Answer 20

amount of air that remains in the lungs

Question 21

spirograph

Answer 21

The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath can be measured