Food Chains and Food webs

Question 1

cellular respiration

Answer 1

process by food, in the form of sugar (glucose), is transformed into energy within cells.

Question 2

Autotrophs

Answer 2

Self - feeder ( Producer) Make own food

Question 3

Heterotrophs

Answer 3

Other - feeder (Consumer/Decomposer) get their food from other living things

Question 4

Consumers

Answer 4

Eat other living or recently living things and digest them internally
Examples: humans

Question 5

Decomposers

Answer 5

Consume dead organisms or detritus (dead material from living organisms [eg. feces, dead leaves]). Return nutrients to soil and release energy to space.
Examples: mushrooms, some bacteria

Question 6

Herbivores (Primary Consumers)

Answer 6

Eat producers

Question 7

Carnivores

Answer 7

Eat animals

Question 8

Secondary consumers

Answer 8

eat primary consumers

Question 9

Tertiary consumers

Answer 9

eat secondary consumers

Question 10

Omnivores

Answer 10

Eat both plants and animals. Can be considered primary, secondary, or tertiary consumers, depending on food chain

Question 11

Detritivore

Answer 11

Ingests dead organic matter and digests it internally. ex) earthworm

Question 12

Saprotroph

Answer 12

Lives on or in dead organic matter by secreting digestive enzymes and absorbing the resulting products of digestion. ex) Fungi

Question 13

Trophic Levels

Answer 13

each level in a food chain, which identifies the feeding level of the organism. Trophic levels count how many steps from the sun the organism is.

Question 14

Food Webs

Answer 14

hows many feeding relationships between many different organisms. It is made up of many overlapping food chains
The arrow direction is important. It shows the direction the energy is moving. (Points to the consumer)

Question 15

niche

Answer 15

role an organism plays in a community

Question 16

Energy in the Biosphere - 1O% Rule

Answer 16

Only about 1O% of the energy passes onto the next trophic level

Energy losses between trophic levels, restrict the length of food chains

Question 17

Chemosynthetic

Answer 17

bacteria that get energy from chemicals in deep sea hydrothermal vents in the process of chemosynthesis.

Question 18

Energy in the Biosphere

Answer 18

Every organism in a food chain uses about 9O% of the energy to live. When their body works, it releases thermal energy (heat), which radiates out to space (from where it started!)

Question 19

DDT

Answer 19

A type of pesticide used in the 195O’s & 196O’s to control mosquitoes and agricultural pests.

Question 20

Biomagnification

Answer 20

process where toxins increase at each stage of the food chain (so top of food chain has largest amount)

Question 21

Biomass

Answer 21

the dry mass of an organism

Question 22

Laws of Thermodynamics

Answer 22

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another

Question 23

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 23

No energy transformation is 100% efficient