Regulation of Blood Flow & Capillary fluid exchange

Question 1

Cardiac Output:

Answer 1

measure of amount of blood that is pumped bmp.

Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

Question 2

Stroke Volume

Answer 2

the quantity of blood pumped with each heartbeat

Question 3

Blood pressure

Answer 3

measurement of the force exerted by blood upon the walls of the arteries.

Expand

Question 4

average pressure

Answer 4

average pressure in adults 120 mmHg.
When the ventricle relaxes (diastole), there is a decrease in pressure inside the arteries. Average diastolic pressure in adults is 80 mmHg.
(120/80)

Question 5

Blood pressure (BP) depends on two factors:

Answer 5

Cardiac Output
Arterial Resistance

Therefore:
Higher heart rate (HR) = higher BP
Narrower blood vessel diameter = higher BP
Higher blood volume = higher BP
Higher stroke volume = higher BP

Question 6

Special baroreceptors (baro = pressure)

Answer 6

in walls of aorta and carotid arteries detect changes in BP. The baroreceptors will send nerve impulses to the medulla oblongata when blood pressure is too high or too low.

Question 7

Issues with chronic high blood pressure:

Answer 7

weakens arteries, ruptures blood vessels causes organ damage

Question 8

Issues with chronic low blood pressure

Answer 8

poor nutrient and oxygen circulation

Question 9

extracellular fluid (ECF)

Answer 9

Exchange of matter and the blood. Surrounds the tissue cells and blood; it is also known as interstitial fluid

Question 10

filtration

Answer 10

exchange is known as this, which is the selective movement of materials through capillary walls due to a pressure gradient.

It is selective in that water and ions can pass out of capillary, but blood cells and proteins remain inside.