Digestive System: Small Intestine, Large Intestine & Accessory organs

Question 1

Small Intestine

Answer 1

the primary site of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

walls of the small intestine secrete enzymes that help break down sugars, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 2

There are three segments to the small intestine:

Answer 2

Duodenum ; first 20-30 cm of the small intestine and is the area where most of the digestive enzymes enter the GI tract.
Jejunum;
Ileum;

Question 3

Villi

Answer 3

ridges along its length that work like “speed bumps” to slow down the movement of food.

Question 4

Blood vessels (capillary network)

Answer 4

absorb amino acids and monosaccharides. Will also absorb some water

Question 5

Lacteal

Answer 5

a small vessel within the villi that absorbs fatty acids (digested fats) into the lymphatic system

Question 6

Secretin

Answer 6

when receptors detect sugar and proteins. Stimulates pancreas to release its juices into the small intestine

Question 7

Cholecystokinin

Answer 7

receptors detect proteins. Stimulates the gallbladder to release bile.

Question 8

Large Intestine

Answer 8

responsible for storing leftover organic material (feces) and some absorption. No real digestion.

-Absorb water and electrolytes
-Produces and absorbs vitamins [Vitamin B & K]
-Forms and propels feces to rectum for elimination
-Home to E. coli and other bacteria

Question 9

cecum

Answer 9

• Absorb fluids and salts that remain after intestinal digestion and absorption. Mixes contents with mucus, to lubricate

Question 10

appendix

Answer 10

House “good” bacteria (probiotics) that aid in vitamin synthesis & digestive health

Question 11

organs do not digest or absorb nutrients directly. They relase substances that aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Answer 11

Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder

Question 12

Pancreas

Answer 12

exocrine gland, meaning it relases substances via ducts.

Question 13

Zymogens

Answer 13

inactive forms of enzymes
body may secrete zymogens to prevent the enzyme from digesting the proteins

Question 14

Trypsinogen (zymogen)
Trypsin (Enzyme)

Answer 14

• Pancreas
• Presence of alkaline (basic) pH in intestines
• breaking down proteins into smaller peptides, which can be further digested into amino helps in the absorption of amino acids into the bloodstream.

Question 15

Pepsinogen/Pepsin

Answer 15

Presence of acidic pH in stomach
begins the digestion of proteins in the stomach

Question 16

liver

Question 17

Gallbladder

Answer 17

gallbladder stores bile, along with a combination of fluids, fats, and cholesterol.

Bile enters small intestine thru bile duct when proteins are detected. presents of lipids!)

Question 18

bile

Answer 18

helps to break down lipids in your intestine

mulsifier which means it is breaking large fat globules into smaller droplets

Produced by the liver and stored within the gallbladder for release into small intestine

Question 19

Bile Salts

Answer 19

help breakdown fat globules

Question 20

Bile Pigments

Answer 20

liver breaks down Red Blood Cells and stores in gallbladder for removal

Question 21

Gallstones

Answer 21

bile salts and cholesterol form large crystals in the gallbladder that block the bile duct