Respiratory System

Question 1

Pulmonary respiration

Answer 1

Inhalation and exhalation (breathing)

Question 2

External respiration

Answer 2

Gas exchange that occurs in alveoli, between lungs and atmosphere

Question 3

Internal respiration

Answer 3

Gas exchange at tissue level, between cells and blood vessels

Question 4

Anatomy

Answer 4

Divided at the larynx into the upper and lower respiratory tracts and is made up of the conducting and respiratory zones

Question 5

Conducting zone

Answer 5

Series of interconnecting cavities and tubes that filter, warm, moisten, and conduct air
Includes all structures from nose to terminal bronchioles

Question 6

Respiratory zone

Answer 6

Site of gas exchange and has a large surface area
Includes all structures from respiratory bronchioles to alveoli

Question 7

Nasal cavity/ Nose

Answer 7

Vestibule is lined with coarse hairs to filter air, and then it is warmed by blood in the nasal conchae
It is lined by the mucus membrane which moistens and filters air

Question 8

Pharynx

Answer 8

Funnel - shaped tube that is a passageway for air and food, it houses the tonsils and resonance chamber and epiglottis it is lined with a mucus membrane

Question 9

Regions of pharynx

Answer 9

Nasopharynx which is closest to nose
Oropharynx which is closest to oral activity
Laryngopharynx which opens into esophagus and trachea

Question 10

Epiglottis

Answer 10

Closes off the opening of the trachea known as the glottis

Question 11

Larynx

Answer 11

Complex area of throat that houses the vocal cords

Question 12

Layers of trachea

Answer 12

Submucosa: contains seromucous glands which produce mucus

Hyaline cartilage: the c-shaped rings that withstand the pressure changes and are open at the back that is connected by smooth and elastic tissue for flexibility

Adventitia: contains the areolar connective tissue which joins it to surrounding tissues

Question 13

Carina

Answer 13

Where the trachea terminates and it divides into bronchi

Question 14

Lining of trachea

Answer 14

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 15

Bronchi

Answer 15

Primary bronchi arise from trachea, left one branches into 2 secondary bronchi and the right into 3

Question 16

Branching of bronchi

Answer 16

Primary bronchi to secondary to tertiary to bronchioles to terminal bronchioles to respiratory bronchioles to alveolar duct to alveoli

The cartilage rings later get replaced by cartilage plates and then by smooth muscle which control air flow by constricting and relaxing

Question 17

Alveoli

Answer 17

Sites of gas exchange surrounded by capillary network

It is a cup-shaped pouch lined with a epithelium supported by a basement membrane

Question 18

Lungs

Answer 18

Tissue divides right one into 3 lobes and the left into 2 lobes and a cardiac notch

Surrounded by pleural membranes with a pleural space

Question 19

Respiratory membrane

Answer 19

Very thin membrane that the gases cross by simple diffusion

Composed of alveolar wall + basement membrane and capillary basement membrane + lining

Question 20

Structures involved in breathing

Answer 20

Diaphragm located below lungs and intercostal muscle between ribs

Question 21

Inspiration

Answer 21

Diaphragm contracts and flattens, intercostal muscle contracts expanding the thoracic cavity, this increases the volume which decreases the pressure and airway resistance so the air flows in

Question 22

Expiration

Answer 22

Diaphragm relaxes and goes back up, intercostal muscles also relax so the volume decreases increasing the pressure and airway resistance pushing the air out