Immunology Flashcards
Immunity
State of non-specific and specific protection
Innate immunity
Non-specific and non-adaptive quick first line of defense composed of physical barriers and phagocytes
Has no memory
Adaptive immunity
Pathogen specific slow 2nd line of defense
Composed of t-lymphocytes and b-lymphocytes
Antigen contact is required and only present in vertebrates
Has immunologic memory
Humoral immunity
Production of antibodies by B cells
Cellular immunity
Destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic by T cells
The 2 main lymphoid organs
Red bone marrow and thymus gland
Anatomical and physiological barriers
Prevent penetration and has microbiomes
Include skin, mucus membranes, ciliary clearance, low stomach ph
Antimicrobrial secretions
Reinforces barriers
Include lysozymes in tears and saliva, sebum, acid, mucus
Physiological responses
Defecation / urination, neural reflexes like sneezing, exocrine secretions like tears, desquamation of skin
Immune cells originate from
Leucocytes, stem cells and myeloid cells
Myeloid cells
Granulocytes and monocytes
Cells of immune system
Phagocytes (macrophages and granulocytes), lymphocytes (T cells and B cells), antigen presenting cells (B cells and dendritic cells, are also phagocytes)
Phagocytes
Engulf bacteria by phagocytosis in a phagosome and digest it using lysosomes
Regulates other immune cells by secreting mediators
Antigen - presenting cells
Links innate and adaptive immunity, it processes an antigen and presents it to T cells
Dendritic cells
Phagocyte and initiate all antigen-specific immune responses
