Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Anatomy of heart

Answer 1

Myocardium is divided into 2 ventricles with 2 atria on top of them, it is thinner in the right ventricle. Ventricles have a higher muscle mass than atria.

Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from vena cava
Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs through pulmonary artery
Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins
Left ventricle pumps blood to the whole body through aorta

Question 2

Pulmonary trunk

Answer 2

Right and left pulmonary veins

Question 3

Endocardium

Answer 3

Smooth tissue that makes up lining of chambers and valves

Question 4

Chordae tendineae/heart strings

Answer 4

Tie atrioventricular valves to papillary muscles of walls of ventricles

Question 5

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 5

Tricuspid found between right ventricle and atrium, and bicuspid found in the left

Question 6

Semilunar valves

Answer 6

Pulmonary found between right ventricle and pulmonary artery, and aortic found at the aortic arch

Question 7

Pericardium

Answer 7

Sheet around heart that protects it from mechanical and electrical damages

Question 8

Arteries

Answer 8

Have thick, muscular walls since they transport blood under high pressure, they control the flow of blood

Question 9

Veins

Answer 9

Thin wall, baggy and stretchy and they can store more blood than arteries

Question 10

Capillaries

Answer 10

Tiny and in direct contact with the tissues, can be continuous or fenestrated or sinusoid

Question 11

Cardiac cycle

Answer 11

Deoxygenated blood flow from superior and inferior vena cavae into right atrium then through tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. This then flows through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated. The oxygenated blood flows through pulmonary vein to the left atrium then it passes through the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle which then pumps through the aortic valve to the aorta

Question 12

Electrical activity

Answer 12

SAN (pacemaker) in wall of right atrium sends electrical signals that cause atrial depolarization, AVN causes a delay so the ventricles dont contract, then, the purkinje fibers eventually conduct the electrical signal to the ventricles which cause atrial repolarization and ventricle depolarization. Then, ventricle repolarization occurs

Question 13

Electrocardiogram

Answer 13

P wave: atrial depolarization
PR interval: AVN conduction
QRS complex: ventricular depolarization
T wave: ventricular repolarization
QT interval: ventricular depolarization and repolarization