Genetics Flashcards
The law of segregation
During gamete formation each member of the allelic pair separates from the other member to form the genetic constitution of the gamete
The law of independent assortment
During gamete formation the segregation of the alleles of one allelic pair is independent of the segregation of the alleles of another allelic pair
Pure-breeding
Something that will pass the same phenotype down through the generations
Filial generation
Generation in a breeding experiment that is successive to a mating between parents of two distinctively different but usually relatively pure genotypes
Zygocity
Degree of similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism
Gene
Unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring
Locus
A particular position or a place where something occurs or is situated
Allele
One of the different forms of a gene that can exist at a single locus
Homozygous
An individual with 2 identical alleles
Heterozygous
An individual with 2 different alleles
Genotype
A description of the genetic composition of an organism
Phenotype
The observable characteristics displayed by an organism
Ploidy number
The number of copies of a gene or sets of chromosomes in an organism
Monohybrid cross
Between 2 individuals for one gene
Dihybrid cross
Between 2 individuals expressing 2 different traits controlled by 2 sets of genes
