Renal System

Question 1

Characteristics of kidney

Answer 1

Bean-shaped of 130-150 g, the left one is 2-5 cm higher

Question 2

Hilus

Answer 2

Where the renal artery and vein, and ureter connects to kidney

Question 3

Renal cortex

Answer 3

Outermost shell

Question 4

Renal medulla

Answer 4

Made up of 8-18 renal pyramids

Question 5

Renal pelvis

Answer 5

Collection of renal calyces where the urine first presents itself

Question 6

Renal capsule

Answer 6

Protective connective tissue that surrounds the kidney

Question 7

Parenchyma

Answer 7

Functional portion of kidney made up of cortex and medulla

Has 1 mil nephrons

Question 8

Nephrons

Answer 8

Functional units of kidney with their own blood supply where blood enters in from afferent arteriole n leaves thro efferent arteriole

Made up of renal corpuscle and tubule

Question 9

Renal corpuscle

Answer 9

Where the blood is filtered
Made up of glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

Question 10

Glomerulus

Answer 10

Bundle of fine capillary loops

Question 11

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 11

Epithelial tissue forming a sac around the glomerulus

Question 12

Renal tubule

Answer 12

Where the filtrate passes thro n urine is produced

Long coiled tube divided into proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

Question 13

Glomerular filtration barrier

Answer 13

Fenestrated endothelia of capillaries
Basement membrane consisting of specialized proteins
Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells that wrap around the capillaries of glomerulus and they have finger-like projections that form filtration slits

Question 14

Glomerular filtration

Answer 14

Filters blood based on size

Question 15

Functions of renal tubule

Answer 15

Reabsorption of organic nutrients, ions (active or passive), water and secretion

Question 16

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 16

Reabsorbs ions, water, nutrients
Removes toxins and adjusts ph
Main contributor

Question 17

Descending loop of Henle

Answer 17

Permeable to water cause of aquaporins but not salt so water moves out of filtrate.

Question 18

Ascending loop of Henle

Answer 18

Permeable to salt so Na+ and Cl- are reabsorbed but not water

Question 19

Distal tubule

Answer 19

Secretes and absorbs ions to maintain blood ph and electrolyte level

Question 20

Osmolarity

Answer 20

Conc of solutes

Question 21

Low ADH

Answer 21

Kidneys secrete high amounts of water in urine cause the body fluids are too dilute

Question 22

High ADH

Answer 22

Kidneys excrete high amounts of solutes in urine cause the bodily fluids are too concentrated