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Nur203 > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

Warms and humidifies air

A

Nose

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2
Q

Passage of air from outside to lungs

A

Trachea

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3
Q
  • has right and left side
  • right is shorter and more prone to aspiration of liquid or food
A

Bronchi

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4
Q

Smaller branches of bronchi

A

Bronchioles

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5
Q

Air sacs that secrete surfactant that reduces surface tension and keeps this structure moist

A

Alveoli

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6
Q

Where gas exchange takes place in the capillary bed

A

Alveoli

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7
Q

How many lobes does each side of the lungs have?

A
  • Right has 3 lobes
  • Left has 2 lobes
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8
Q

Diaphragm contracts and pressure inside decreases

A

Inhalation

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9
Q

Diaphragm relaxes and pressure inside increases

A

Exhalation

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10
Q

AP to transverse diameter ratio is 1:2 with costal angle less than 90 degrees

A

Normal chest finding

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11
Q

Mapping the thorax: Anterior reference lines

A
  • right midclavicular line
  • midsternal line
  • left midclavicular line
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12
Q

Mapping the thorax: Posterior reference line

A
  • right scapular line
  • vertebral line
  • left scapular line
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13
Q

Mapping the thorax: Lateral reference line

A
  • anterior axillary line
  • midaxillary line
  • posterior axillary line
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14
Q

Subjective data relating to the respiratory system

A

Pain and SOB

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15
Q

Slow respiration

A

Bradypnea

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16
Q

Fast respiration

A

Tachypnea

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17
Q

Deep breaths at an abnormal rate

A

Kussmaul respiration

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18
Q

Breathing shallow, then deep, then apnea, and repeat

A

Cheyne stokes

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19
Q

Absence of breathing

A

Apnea

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20
Q

Sunken chest

A

Pectus excavatum

21
Q

Sternum is sticking out

A

Pectus carinatum

22
Q

AP to transverse ratio is 1:1 and costal angle is greater than 90%

A

Barrel cage

23
Q

Chest wall sinks inward when breathing

A

Thoracic cage retractions

24
Q

Bluish tint of mouth and extremities, possibly in the eyes

A

Cyanosis

25
Q

Pale

A

Pallor

26
Q

Patient looks like they’re whistling
- usually found in pt with COPD

A

Pursed lip breathing

27
Q
  • heard over trachea
  • expiration are louder and longer than inspiration
  • high pitched
A

Bronchial normal finding

28
Q
  • heard over right and left bronchi
  • medium pitched
A

Bronchovesicular normal finding

29
Q
  • throughout the periphery of the lungs
  • inspiration is longer than expiration
  • soft, low pitched
A

Vesicular normal finding

30
Q
  • intermittent rattling, crackling,popping, or bubbling sound
  • hear this with pt that have pneumonia, chronic pulmonary disease, or heart failure
  • produced by air passing over retained airway secretions
  • usually heard at end of inspiration
A

Crackles (rales)

31
Q
  • soft, hight pitched sounds like crunching or fine rubbing sound
  • heard best at the end of inspiration
A

Fine crackles

32
Q
  • loud, low pitched and sounds like ripping open a velcro or air being blown into a straw that’s in a container of fluid
  • may improve by coughing
  • heard during inspiration
A

Coarse crackles

33
Q
  • continuous, low-pitched, snoring-type sound
  • heard on inspiration and expiration; commonly during exhalations
  • occur in upper bronchi; related to obstruction of larger airways
  • may be cleared by coughing
A

Rhonchi (sonorous wheeze)

34
Q
  • whistling, high-pitched musical sounds
  • sound made from air passage through narrowed airway due to secretions, inflammation, obstruction or a foreign body
  • hear this with patients who have asthma or bronchitis
A

Wheezes

35
Q
  • low pitched, coarse grating tone like rubbing two pieces of leather together
  • caused by inflammation of the parietal and visceral pleurae which normally slides w/o friction
  • deep, loud, harsh, leathery sound
  • heard during inspiration and expiration
A

Pleural friction rub

36
Q
  • life-threatening, medical emergency (!!) sound that can be heard without a stethoscope
  • indicates upper airway narrowing or obstruction
  • heard loudest over trachea during inspiration
  • harsh, hight pitched, crowing sound
  • sign of respiratory distress
A

Stridor

37
Q

Can be dry or wet; productive or non-productive

A

Cough

38
Q

For those who have trouble breathing and asthma

A

Tripoding position

39
Q

Produce imagine of the chest and internal organs

A

Chest X-ray

40
Q

Remove fluid to examine or relieve SOB

A

Thoracentesis

41
Q
  • can cause collapse lung
  • monitor VS before, during, and after
  • monitor breath sounds - are they symmetrical and heard at both sides?
  • position patient
  • collect specimens to send to lab
A

Thoracentesis

42
Q

Removes small pieces of tissue for analysis

A

Lung biopsy

43
Q
  • visualize larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree using small flexible scope
  • check for cough and gag reflex
A

Bronchoscopy

44
Q
  • detect TB, typically placed under skin of forearm
  • assess skin in 48-72 hrs
A

Mantoux tuberculin skin test

45
Q
  • stop smoking/don’t smoke
  • exercise
  • protect self from pollutants
  • lower chance of infection by during hand and oral hygiene
  • get vaccinated (flu, pneumonia, and COVID)
  • oxygen therapy
  • positioning for optimal breathing - sitting up in orthopneic position
A

Health promotion and risk reduction of respiratory disorder

46
Q

Air in chest cavity

A

Pneumothorax

47
Q

Incomplete expansion of the lungs

A

Atelectasis

48
Q

Presence of pus in pleural cavity

A

Empyema

Nur203 (9 decks)

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