Respiratory system

Question 1

Warms and humidifies air

Answer 1

Nose

Question 2

Passage of air from outside to lungs

Answer 2

Trachea

Question 3

• has right and left side
• right is shorter and more prone to aspiration of liquid or food

Answer 3

Bronchi

Question 4

Smaller branches of bronchi

Answer 4

Bronchioles

Question 5

Air sacs that secrete surfactant that reduces surface tension and keeps this structure moist

Answer 5

Alveoli

Question 6

Where gas exchange takes place in the capillary bed

Answer 6

Alveoli

Question 7

How many lobes does each side of the lungs have?

Answer 7

• Right has 3 lobes
• Left has 2 lobes

Question 8

Diaphragm contracts and pressure inside decreases

Answer 8

Inhalation

Question 9

Diaphragm relaxes and pressure inside increases

Answer 9

Exhalation

Question 10

AP to transverse diameter ratio is 1:2 with costal angle less than 90 degrees

Answer 10

Normal chest finding

Question 11

Mapping the thorax: Anterior reference lines

Answer 11

• right midclavicular line
• midsternal line
• left midclavicular line

Question 12

Mapping the thorax: Posterior reference line

Answer 12

• right scapular line
• vertebral line
• left scapular line

Question 13

Mapping the thorax: Lateral reference line

Answer 13

• anterior axillary line
• midaxillary line
• posterior axillary line

Question 14

Subjective data relating to the respiratory system

Answer 14

Pain and SOB

Question 15

Slow respiration

Answer 15

Bradypnea

Question 16

Fast respiration

Answer 16

Tachypnea

Question 17

Deep breaths at an abnormal rate

Answer 17

Kussmaul respiration

Question 18

Breathing shallow, then deep, then apnea, and repeat

Answer 18

Cheyne stokes

Question 19

Absence of breathing

Answer 19

Apnea

Question 20

Sunken chest

Answer 20

Pectus excavatum

Question 21

Sternum is sticking out

Answer 21

Pectus carinatum

Question 22

AP to transverse ratio is 1:1 and costal angle is greater than 90%

Answer 22

Barrel cage

Question 23

Chest wall sinks inward when breathing

Answer 23

Thoracic cage retractions

Question 24

Bluish tint of mouth and extremities, possibly in the eyes

Answer 24

Cyanosis

Question 25

Pale

Answer 25

Pallor

Question 26

Patient looks like they’re whistling - usually found in pt with COPD

Answer 26

Pursed lip breathing

Question 27

- heard over trachea - expiration are louder and longer than inspiration - high pitched

Answer 27

Bronchial normal finding

Question 28

- heard over right and left bronchi - medium pitched

Answer 28

Bronchovesicular normal finding

Question 29

- throughout the periphery of the lungs - inspiration is longer than expiration - soft, low pitched

Answer 29

Vesicular normal finding

Question 30

- intermittent rattling, crackling,popping, or bubbling sound - hear this with pt that have pneumonia, chronic pulmonary disease, or heart failure - produced by air passing over retained airway secretions - usually heard at end of inspiration

Answer 30

Crackles (rales)

Question 31

- soft, hight pitched sounds like crunching or fine rubbing sound - heard best at the end of inspiration

Answer 31

Fine crackles

Question 32

- loud, low pitched and sounds like ripping open a velcro or air being blown into a straw that’s in a container of fluid - may improve by coughing - heard during inspiration

Answer 32

Coarse crackles

Question 33

- continuous, low-pitched, snoring-type sound - heard on inspiration and expiration; commonly during exhalations - occur in upper bronchi; related to obstruction of larger airways - may be cleared by coughing

Answer 33

Rhonchi (sonorous wheeze)

Question 34

- whistling, high-pitched musical sounds - sound made from air passage through narrowed airway due to secretions, inflammation, obstruction or a foreign body - hear this with patients who have asthma or bronchitis

Answer 34

Wheezes

Question 35

- low pitched, coarse grating tone like rubbing two pieces of leather together - caused by inflammation of the parietal and visceral pleurae which normally slides w/o friction - deep, loud, harsh, leathery sound - heard during inspiration and expiration

Answer 35

Pleural friction rub

Question 36

- life-threatening, medical emergency (!!) sound that can be heard without a stethoscope - indicates upper airway narrowing or obstruction - heard loudest over trachea during inspiration - harsh, hight pitched, crowing sound - sign of respiratory distress

Answer 36

Stridor

Question 37

Can be dry or wet; productive or non-productive

Answer 37

Cough

Question 38

For those who have trouble breathing and asthma

Answer 38

Tripoding position

Question 39

Produce imagine of the chest and internal organs

Answer 39

Chest X-ray

Question 40

Remove fluid to examine or relieve SOB

Answer 40

Thoracentesis

Question 41

- can cause collapse lung - monitor VS before, during, and after - monitor breath sounds - are they symmetrical and heard at both sides? - position patient - collect specimens to send to lab

Answer 41

Thoracentesis

Question 42

Removes small pieces of tissue for analysis

Answer 42

Lung biopsy

Question 43

- visualize larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree using small flexible scope - check for cough and gag reflex

Answer 43

Bronchoscopy

Question 44

- detect TB, typically placed under skin of forearm - assess skin in 48-72 hrs

Answer 44

Mantoux tuberculin skin test

Question 45

- stop smoking/don’t smoke - exercise - protect self from pollutants - lower chance of infection by during hand and oral hygiene - get vaccinated (flu, pneumonia, and COVID) - oxygen therapy - positioning for optimal breathing - sitting up in orthopneic position

Answer 45

Health promotion and risk reduction of respiratory disorder

Question 46

Air in chest cavity

Answer 46

Pneumothorax

Question 47

Incomplete expansion of the lungs

Answer 47

Atelectasis

Question 48

Presence of pus in pleural cavity

Answer 48

Empyema