Geriatric patient

Question 1

• thinner and more fragile
• dec sensation and sensitivity to pain
• dec melanin production, gray or white hair

Answer 1

change in integumentary

Question 1

dec sense of taste and sight

Answer 1

change in HEENT

Question 2

• dec thirst response
• less able to fight infection

Answer 2

change in respiratory

Question 3

increase accumulation of plaque

Answer 3

change in cardiovascular

Question 4

arteries dilate and stiffen

Answer 4

change in peripheral vascular

Question 5

• pernicious anemia
• liver dec function

Answer 5

change in abdomen

Question 6

• dec bladder capacity
• inc risk for different types of incontinence

Answer 6

change in kidneys and bladder

Question 7

• more prone to fall with fracture
• most lethal fracture is hip

Answer 7

change in musculoskeletal

Question 8

• decline in balance
• slowing of thinking and memory loss

Answer 8

change in neurological

Question 9

pain, constipation, and incontinence

Answer 9

subj data relating to alterations in geriatric pt

Question 10

• skin breakdown
• constipation
• incontinence
• skin cancer
• geriatric syndrome
• nutritional assessment

Answer 10

assessment skills to obtain obj data

Question 11

• reposition pt every 2hrs
• keep skin clean and dry
• protecting bony prominence

Answer 11

prevent skin breakdown

Question 12

• increase fluid intake, activity, fiber in diet
• use stool softener daily

Answer 12

constipation

Question 13

• toileting pt
• keep skin clean and dry
• use incontinence pad

Answer 13

incontinence

Question 14

leaking small amounts of urine with intra-abdominal pressure such as with coughing, sneezing, and exercising; may be related to weakening of the pelvic floor muscles

Answer 14

stress incontinence

Question 15

sudden urge to urinate

Answer 15

urge incontinence

Question 16

caused by weakened bladder muscle or urethral blockage, causing an overflow of urine; individuals cannot completely empty their bladder

Answer 16

overflow incontinence

Question 17

• occurs more often with older individuals with chronic arthritis, Parkinson’s disease, or Alzheimer’s disease
• these individuals are unable to control their bladder before reaching the bathroom due to limitations in moving related to physical or cognitive disability

Answer 17

functional incontinence

Question 18

functional assessment, medications, driving with advancing age, alcohol use, elder abuse, sexuality, assessing frailty, cognitive assessment, dementia (prolonged overtime/slow), delirium (yesterday A&Ox4, but now confused), and depression

Answer 18

subj and obj data from assessment of geriatric pt

Question 19

assessing ability for pt to care for themselves to meet essential tasks for daily living

Answer 19

functional assessment

Question 20

big concern for geriatric pt, when they’re taking a lot of different types of medications
- fear is the adverse drug reaction to side effects and interactions between the diff meds

Answer 20

polypharmacy

Question 21

most commonly abused substances among adults age 65 or older

Answer 21

alcohol use

Question 22

causing bodily harm

Answer 22

physical elder abuse

Question 23

forcing an older adult to watch or be part of sexual acts

Answer 23

sexual elder abuse

Question 24

leaving an older adult who needs help alone without planning for their care

Answer 24

abandonment

Question 25

using hurtful words, yelling or threatening or ignoring elder

Answer 25

emotional/psychological elder abuse

Question 26

money or belongings are stolen from older adult

Answer 26

financial elder abuse

Question 27

caregiver does not respond to the older adults physical, emotional, or social needs, or withholds food, medications, or access to health

Answer 27

neglect

Question 28

determining if they are alert to person, place, time

Answer 28

cognitive assessment

Question 29

assess electrolytes and kidney function

Answer 29

CBC

Question 30

assess nutrition

Answer 30

albumin and protein lvls

Question 31

assess for diabetes

Answer 31

fasting blood sugars and hemoglobin A1C

Question 32

assess cholesterol and triglycerides

Answer 32

lipid panels

Question 33

assess blood clotting

Answer 33

international normalized ratio (INR)

Question 34

assess vitB12 and serum iron levels

Answer 34

anemia labs

Question 35

• fall risk assessment
• encourage exercise regularly
• have doctor or pharmacist to review meds
• discuss adequate calcium and vitD intake
• have eyes checked at least once a year
• home safety: reduce trip hazards, add grab bars in bathroom, add railings on both sides of stairs, and improve lighting
• immunizations (flu and pneumonia) and advance directives
• elder abuse

Answer 35

health promotion and risk reduction for geriatric patients

Question 36

skin tag

Answer 36

acrochordon

Question 37

liver spots

Answer 37

solar lentigo

Question 38

small bright cherry red spots

Answer 38

cherry hemangiomas

Question 39

noncancerous pigmented waxy lesions

Answer 39

seborrheic keratosis

Question 40

overgrowth of keratin that resembles a miniature horn

Answer 40

cutaneous horn

Question 41

areas of ruptured fragile capillaries and bruising of the skin

Answer 41

senile purpura

Question 42

white, horizontal groove across the nailbed
- caused by disease, toxic reaction, or trauma

Answer 42

beau’s line

Question 43

sore, cracked corners of the lips

Answer 43

angular cheilitis

Question 44

edema of the lips, usually related to an allergic reaction

Answer 44

angioedema

Question 45

white plaque to dark, hairy surface
- systemic immune suppression

Answer 45

hairy tongue

Question 46

white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue

Answer 46

leukoplakia

Question 47

normal progressive sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 47

presbycusis

Question 48

thin, gray-white line that encircles the cornea
- inc cholesterol levels

Answer 48

arcus senilis